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现代工业的主要活动是分离颗粒混合物;保留所需的颗粒,抛丢不需要的颗粒。许多以物料化学和物理性质为基础的不同的分离技术已经在经济上得到了检证。这些分离技术包括重介质分选、跳汰、摇床、浮选、磁选和静电选。进入本世纪以后,泡沫浮选曾使选矿领域发生了很大的变革。今天,磁选技术也完全可能这样。这门科学的最新进展已经导致了强磁场、高梯度和低温超导磁选机的逐渐发展。这些磁选机可以有效地解决许多过去无法解决的分选问题。例如新一代磁选机甚至可以分选细粒弱顺磁性物料,而磁滤新技术则已经在废水处理时脱除亚微细粒颗粒方面获得成功。本文对主要是作为一种选矿技术的强磁选的过去、现住和将来作了评述。除扼要叙述磁选的历史和评述那些曾使现代磁选机构思和设计得以产生的理论外,还将叙述各种型式磁选机以及它们的主要特性。对强磁选的几种现行的和潜在的用途作了概述,涉及的范围有选矿、洗煤、陶瓷和化学产物的提纯。对“热超导体”的出现也作了讨论。
The main activity of modern industry is to separate the mixture of granules; keep the required granules and discard the unwanted granules. Many different separation techniques based on the chemical and physical properties of the material have been economically verified. These separation techniques include heavy media sorting, jig, shaker, flotation, magnetic separation and electrostatic selection. After entering this century, froth flotation has made great changes in the dressing area. Today, magnetic separation technology is entirely possible. Recent advances in this science have led to the gradual development of high-field, high-gradient and low-temperature superconducting magnetic separators. These magnetic separators can effectively solve many sorting problems that can not be solved in the past. For example, the new generation of magnetic separators can even sort fine, weak paramagnetic materials, while magnetic filtration has succeeded in removing submicron particles in wastewater treatment. This article reviews the past, present, and future of strong magnetic separation, primarily as a beneficiation technique. In addition to a brief account of the history of magnetic separation and review of theories that have given way to modern magnetic separator concepts and designs, various types of magnetic separators and their main features will be described. Several current and potential uses for strong magnetic separation are outlined, covering the areas of beneficiation, coal washing, ceramics and chemical product purification. The emergence of “thermal superconductors” was also discussed.