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利用微卫星分子标记技术,对“新吉富”罗非鱼选育后期的F10、F11、F12、F13 4个世代群体的遗传结构及异同进行了分析。结果表明:13个微卫星位点扩增后,共得到78个等位基因,扩增片段长度大小在100～295bp之间,4个选育世代的平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为2.84～3.27,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.627 1～0.676 2,平均多态信息含量(CPI)为0.567 6～0.622 9,3个遗传参数都一致呈现随着选育世代数累进而稳定下降的趋势,表明“新吉富”罗非鱼在长期选育过程里越来越趋于纯化之中。另一方面,4个选育世代两两间遗传分化FST值为0.019 07～0.133 54,世代间亦存在中等程度的遗传分化,显示“新吉富”罗非鱼的选育技术路线(黄河、长江及珠江3大农业生态区同步选育、适时交流,始终注意保持繁育群体的有效大小,严格的择优四步程序等)可使选育群体保持较丰富的遗传变异水平,有利于长期选育的持续开展。
The microsatellite molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic structure and the similarities and differences between the four generations of F10, F11, F12 and F13 in the late stage of tilapia breeding. The results showed that after the 13 microsatellite loci were amplified, a total of 78 alleles were obtained. The amplified fragment length ranged from 100 to 295 bp. The average number of effective alleles (Ne) of the 4 breeding generations was 2.84 ~ 3.27, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.627 1 ~ 0.676 2, the average polymorphic information content (CPI) was 0.567 6 ~ 0.622 9, and the three genetic parameters showed a consistent decline with the progress of breeding generations The trend indicates that the “new Jifu” tilapia is becoming more and more purified during the long-term breeding process. On the other hand, the FST value of genetic differentiation between the two breeding generations was 0.019 07 ~ 0.133 54, and there was also a moderate degree of genetic differentiation among the four generations. It showed that the breeding route of “New Jifu” tilapia , The simultaneous breeding of the three major agro-ecological zones in the Yangtze River and Pearl River, timely communication, always paying attention to maintaining the effective size of breeding populations, strict selection of four-step programs, etc.) can make the breeding population maintain a relatively high level of genetic variation and benefit long-term selection Continued education.