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学界对汉语中有无限定与非限定小句之分进行了讨论,然而一直以来并没有形成较为广泛的共识。本文从系统功能语法角度对此进行探讨,依据限定性与非限定性的本质区别——是否表示以言语者的“现在”为中心的时间指示意义,即是否表示首要时态意义,指出汉语中也存在限定与非限定小句之分。文章将汉语限定小句界定为“能够通过语法化、准语法化、词汇化或零标记手段体现首要时态或首要-次要时态的小句”;将汉语非限定小句界定为两类:一类为“句法上处于从属地位,本身没有任何时态标记,其时态意义的解读依赖于级阶小句时态”的小句;一类为“句法上处于从属地位,本身具有标记次要时态意义的手段,不过其完整的时态意义解读仍然依赖于级阶小句时态”的小句。
The academic circle discusses whether there are any definite or unqualified clauses in Chinese, but it has not formed a broad consensus yet. This paper discusses this from the angle of system functional grammar. According to the essential difference between limited and non-limited - whether it indicates the temporal indication of the speaker ’s “present ” or not, There is also a limited and unqualified clause in Chinese. The article defines the Chinese qualified clauses as “small clauses that can represent the first or the first-secondary tense through grammaticalization, quasi-grammaticalization, lexicalization or zero-marking.” The definition of Chinese non-qualified clauses as There are two types of clauses: one is a clan that is syntactically subordinate and does not have any tense tag itself, and its interpretation of the tense meaning depends on the clauses of the tense sentence at the level order The status itself has the means of marking the secondary tense meaning, but its complete interpretation of the tense meaning still depends on the clause of the tense sentence of the rank order.