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[目的]解决腐植酸的水溶性问题以及钠离子连续、长期在土壤中的累积对土壤环境带来的不利影响。[方法]以发酵糠醛渣为原料,采用碱溶酸析法提取生化腐植酸(BHA),考察固液比(糠醛渣与水的质量比)、碱液浓度、提取温度、提取时间对生化腐植酸含量的影响,并且通过红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。[结果]最佳的提取工艺条件为∶固液比1∶7、碱液浓度6%KOH、提取时间1 h、提取温度70℃,此时生化腐植酸含量为8.5%。红外光谱分析表明,提取得到的生化腐植酸和商品腐植酸结构相似,但BHA官能团种类较多,分子量较小。[结论]该工艺生产操作简单,稳定可行,可用于提取生化腐植酸。利用BHA开发制备腐植酸类新型肥料有很好的发展前景。
[Objective] To solve the problem of water solubility of humic acid and the adverse effects of continuous and long-term accumulation of sodium ions in the soil on the soil environment. [Method] Fermentation furfural residue was used as raw material to extract biochemical humic acid (BHA) by alkali-soluble acid analysis. The solid-liquid ratio (mass ratio of furfural residue to water), alkali concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time were investigated. Acid content, and its structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy. [Result] The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of solid to liquid was 1: 7, the concentration of lye was 6% KOH, the extraction time was 1 h, the extraction temperature was 70 ℃ and the content of biochemical humic acid was 8.5%. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the biochemical humic acid was similar to the commercial humic acid, but the functional groups of BHA were more abundant and the molecular weight was smaller. [Conclusion] The production process is simple, stable and feasible, and can be used for extraction of biochemical humic acid. The use of BHA to develop new humic acid fertilizer has good prospects for development.