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目的了解湖南省2009~2013年细菌性痢疾的流行病学特征和病原学特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对湖南省卫生机构2009~2013年通过全国疾病监测系统报告的细菌性痢疾监测数据进行描述性分析。结果 2009~2013年湖南省共报告细菌性痢疾47 175例,年均发病率为14.47/10万,呈逐年下降趋势,发病具有明显的季节性,湘西和湘南地区是菌痢高发地区,发病以3岁以下幼儿为主,男性发病水平高于女性。暴发疫情主要发生在农村的中小学校,以水源性传播为主。2011~2013年湖南省疾控中心共收集176株菌痢菌株,其中宋内氏志贺菌109株,福氏志贺菌67株;湖南省志贺菌耐药较严重,不同群别志贺菌的耐药谱有所不同。结论湖南省细菌性痢疾疫情分布存在比较明显的高发地区、高发时间和高发人群,应根据流行特征和病原学特征采取针对性的防控措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery from 2009 to 2013 in Hunan Province and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the descriptive epidemiological data of bacillary dysentery reported by Hunan Provincial Health Institution from 2009 to 2013 through the national disease surveillance system. Results A total of 47 175 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported in Hunan Province from 2009 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 14.47 / 100 000, showing a declining trend year by year. The incidence was obviously seasonal. In western Hunan and southern Hunan, bacillary dysentery was the most frequent The majority of children under 3 years old, the incidence of men than women. Outbreaks occurred mainly in rural primary and secondary schools, mainly to water-based transmission. A total of 176 strains of dysentery strains were collected from Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2011 to 2013, of which 109 were Shigella sonnei and 67 were Shigella flexneri, and Shigella flexneri was more resistant in Hunan province. Shigella flexneri The spectrum of resistance is different. Conclusions There are obvious epidemic distributions of bacillary dysentery in Hunan Province with high incidence areas, high incidence of time and high incidence of population should take targeted prevention and control measures based on epidemic and etiological characteristics.