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为探索、构建适宜生产实践的蚕豆测土配方施肥指标体系,为蚕豆生产提供科学施肥依据,以本地白花蚕豆、尿素、普钙、硫酸钾为试验材料,采用“3414”回归最优设计原理设置田间肥效试验,对蚕豆氮磷钾施肥效应进行了研究。结果表明:不同施肥处理对蚕豆产量、产值和蚕豆植株地上部分养分吸收量、100 kg蚕豆籽粒吸收养分量影响较大。处理7(N_2P_3K_2)较对照处理1(N0P0K0)增产量1600.50 kg/hm~2、增产值5601.75元/hm~2,为最高;其次分别是处理6(N_2P_2K_2)、处理9(N_2P_2K_1)、处理14(N_2P_1K_1),分别较对照增产量1450.5 kg/hm2、增产值5076.75元/hm~2;植株地上部分氮、磷、钾养分吸收量最高的是处理6,其次,是处理4(N_2P_2K_2)的磷、钾和处理8(N_2P_2K_0)的氮;100 kg籽粒吸收氮养分量处理2(N0P2K2)达6.26 kg为最高,其次是处理6达5.90 kg,最低的是处理8;100 kg籽粒吸收磷、钾养分量最高的分别是处理2和处理4,分别达0.76、3.07 kg;最低的是处理1和处理8。说明不同施肥处理是影响蚕豆植株吸收土壤养分、蚕豆产量的主要因素,合理施肥能有效提高蚕豆产量。氮肥增产率十分明显,1 kg纯氮增产蚕豆23.33 kg;磷、钾肥增产效果比较好,1 kg纯磷、1 kg纯钾分别增产蚕豆6.12、3.34 kg。说明蚕豆吸收养分的限制因子主要是施氮量,其次是施磷量。蚕豆土壤有效养分N、P_2O_5、K_2O校正系数分别为1.806711、0.80545、1.397613。
In order to explore and construct the index system of measuring and fertilization of broad bean by soil testing in order to provide scientific basis for the production of broad bean, the best design of “3414” was adopted with the test of local white bean, urea, calcium and potassium sulfate Principle Set fertility test in the field, the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were studied. The results showed that different fertilization treatments had a great influence on the yield and yield of faba bean and the nutrient uptake of above-ground parts of Vicia faba and the uptake of 100 kg faba bean. The yield of treatment N (N 2 P 3 K 2) was 1600.50 kg / hm -2, and the increment was 5601.75 yuan / hm 2, which was the highest compared with that of control treatment 1 (N0P0K0), followed by treatment of N 2 P 2 K 2, treatment 9 N 2 P 2 K 1, (N 2 P 1 K 1) increased the yield by 1450.5 kg / hm 2 and increased the yield by 5076.75 RMB / hm 2 compared with the control. The highest uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in aboveground part of plant was treated 6, followed by the treatment of 4 (N 2 P 2 K 2) , Potassium and nitrogen (8 N_2P_2K_0); 100 kg grain uptake of nitrogen up to 6.26 kg 2 was the highest, followed by 6 up to 5.90 kg, the lowest was 8; 100 kg grain uptake of phosphorus and potassium The highest amounts of nutrients were Treatment 2 and Treatment 4, respectively, up to 0.76, 3.07 kg; the lowest treatment 1 and treatment 8. The results showed that different fertilization treatments were the main factors affecting the absorption of soil nutrients and faba bean in broad bean plants. Rational fertilization could effectively increase the yield of faba bean. Nitrogen fertilizer yield is very clear, 1 kg of pure nitrogen increased yield of Vicia faba 23.33 kg; phosphorus and potassium fertilizer production is relatively good, 1 kg of pure phosphorus, 1 kg of pure potassium were increased Vicia faba 6.12,3.34 kg. The results showed that the limiting factor of broad bean nutrient absorption was mainly nitrogen application, followed by phosphorus application. The effective coefficients of N, P2O5, K2O for broad bean soil were 1.806711,0.80545,1.397613 respectively.