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大麦是药食同源作物,含生物碱等功能成分,为研究生物碱含量的分子遗传作用,本研究通过利用’云啤2号’及’大粒麦’为亲本,构建的重组自交系群体为研究材料,通过2015年及2016年两年亲本及重组自交系群体后代的籽粒生物碱含量进行测定,分析生物碱在群体中的遗传变异规律,并在此基础上对大麦籽粒生物碱含量进行QTL定位.研究结果表明,2015年生物碱亲本含量分别为24.16 mg/100 g,2.62 mg/100 g,群体后代平均值为8.16 mg/100 g,2016年生物碱亲本含量分别为20.74 mg/100 g,2.85 mg/100 g,群体后代平均值为9.83 mg/100 g,有超亲分离现象,生物碱含量遗传变异较大,两年生物碱含量均呈单峰分布曲线,表现出数量性状遗传特征,两年共检测到3个生物碱相关的QTL,大麦籽粒生物碱表型贡献率范围是7.54％～12.38％,其中一个主效QTL位点位于7H染色体上,结果表明,大麦籽粒生物碱含量是受少数主效基因和微效基因共同影响的数量性状.“,”Barley is medicinal and edible crops, containing alkaloids and other functional components. To study the molecular genetic mechanism of alkaloid content, ’Yunpi No.2’and’Dalimai’barley were used as parents to produce recombinant inbred lines which in this study was used as the research materials. By determining the alkaloid content of barley grain of parents and its recombinant inbred lines in 2015 and 2016, genetic variation of the alkaloid content of barley grain in the population were analyzed. On this basis, the QTL positioning of the alkaloid content was conducted. The results showed that the alkaloid content of barley grain of parents were 24.16 mg/100 g and 2.62 mg/100 g in 2015, and the average alkaloid content of barley grain of recombinant inbred lines was 8.16 mg/100 g. The alkaloid content of barley grain of parents were 20.74 mg/100 g and 2.85 mg/100 g in 2016, and the average alkaloid content of barley grain of recombinant inbred lines was 9.83 mg/100 g. Moreover, there was transgressive segregation, and the content of genetic variation of alkaloids was large. Two year alkaloid content showed a single peak distribution curve, showing the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. 3 alkaloid QTLs were detected in 2 years. The contribution rate of alkaloids in barley grain was 7.54％～12.38％, and one of the major QTL loci was located on the 7 H chromosome. The results indicated alkaloid content of barley grain was a quantitative trait affected by a few major genes and minor genes together.