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目的研究饮水补充硼对雄性肥胖大鼠血清生化指标及免疫器官组织结构的影响。方法选用40只3月龄清洁级雄性SD大鼠,随机分为5组:空白对照组、肥胖模型组和硼低、中、高剂量组,空白对照组饲喂普通饲料,其余4组饲喂高脂饲料,持续8周造模。随后在硼低、中、高剂量组大鼠饮水中添加20、40和80 mg/L硼,空白对照组和肥胖模型组饮用蒸馏水,试验期90 d。试验结束后,右心房采血测定肝功能相关生化指标,同时称重胸腺和脾脏,HE染色,显微观察并测定免疫器官组织学参数。结果与空白对照组相比,肥胖模型组大鼠Lee’s指数和腹脂率、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)含量以及胸腺重量均显著增加(P<0.05),而血清总蛋白(TP)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)含量则显著降低(P<0.05)。与肥胖模型组相比,低剂量硼添加组大鼠Lee’s指数和腹脂率、血清载脂蛋白B(apo B)和LDL-c含量、胸腺重量及指数均显著降低(P<0.05),而血清TP和HDL-c含量均显著增加(P<0.05);硼中剂量组大鼠血清LDL-c含量和胸腺重量也显著降低(P<0.05);但硼高剂量组大鼠上述检测指标均无显著变化。显微观测可见,硼低、中剂量组脾小结面积显著增加(P<0.05),脾动脉周围淋巴鞘和边缘区增厚,脾索增粗,胸腺髓质/皮质比例显著降低(P<0.05),细胞排列紧密,髓质内空泡样结构较少,硼高剂量组脾脏和胸腺组织结构无明显变化。结论饮水补充20 mg/L硼可明显降低血清apo B和LDL-c水平,增加HDL-c水平,缓解高脂饮食引发的肥胖对肝功能相关指标及免疫器官的损伤。
Objective To study the effects of boron supplementation in drinking water on serum biochemical indexes and immune organ structure in male obese rats. Methods Forty male SD rats of 3 months of age were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank control group, obesity model group and boron low, medium and high dose groups. The blank control group was fed normal feed, while the other 4 groups were fed High-fat feed, modeling for 8 weeks. Subsequently, boron was added to the drinking water of low, middle and high dose boron groups at 20, 40 and 80 mg / L, respectively. The blank control group and obese model group were drank distilled water for 90 d. At the end of the experiment, the blood was collected from the right atrium to determine the biochemical markers of liver function. Meanwhile, the thymus and spleen were weighed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Microscopic observation and immunohistochemical histological parameters were performed. Results Compared with the blank control group, the Lee’s index, abdominal fat percentage, serum LDL-C and thymus weight in obese model rats increased significantly (P <0.05) ) And high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were significantly lower (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the Lee’s index, abdominal fat rate, serum apolipoprotein B (apo B) and LDL-c content, thymus weight and index of rats in low dose boron addition group were significantly decreased (P <0.05) (P <0.05). Serum LDL-c content and thymus weight were significantly decreased in the middle-dose boron group (P <0.05) No significant change. The results of microscopic observation showed that the areas of splenic nodules increased significantly (P <0.05) in the low and middle boron dose groups, the thickening of the peripheral sheath and marginal zone of the splenic artery, the thickening of the splenic cord and the decrease of the thymus medulla / cortex ratio ), With close arrangement of cells, less medullary vacuole-like structure, and no significant changes in the structure of spleen and thymus in high dose boron group. Conclusion Boric acid supplemented with 20 mg / L boron can significantly reduce serum apo B and LDL-c levels, increase HDL-c levels and relieve the liver-related indicators and immune organ damage caused by high-fat diet.