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以赛亚·伯林是20世纪著名的自由主义者,他继承发展了西方自由主义思想,他的作品关涉着自由主义进入现代社会之后的话题转向。伯林著《俄国思想家》也是旨在说明多元主义和现代性社会的必然关系。自由主义强调意志自由,否认必然性的支配作用。自由主义者认为人的行为是为所欲为,有绝对意志自由的。资产阶级曾经高举个人主义的旗帜,一度成为反抗教会权利赢得宗教解放的有力武器。但另一方面,自由主义强调
Isaiah Berlin, a well-known liberal in the twentieth century, inherited and developed Western liberal ideas and his work was related to the turning of the topic after liberalism entered modern society. Berlin’s “Russian Thinker” is also an attempt to illustrate the necessary relationship between pluralism and a modern society. Liberalism emphasizes freedom of will, denying the dominance of necessity. Liberals think that human behavior is what they want, there is absolute freedom of the will. Once the bourgeoisie held aloft the banner of individualism, it once became a powerful weapon against the church’s right to win religious liberation. But on the other hand, liberalism emphasizes