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癌肿是最重要的获得性静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的危险因素。癌肿可表达促凝蛋白,直接和间接地激活凝血系统,亦可产生炎性细胞因子,触发髙凝状态和血栓栓塞的危险。肿瘤包块可外压邻近血管而使静脉血流淤滞。还包括静止不动、癌肿及其治疗和潜在的易栓遗传因素等。许多常用的治疗措施亦增加VTE的危险,包括手术、化疗药物、辅助性激素的使用、应用血管生成抑制剂和留置中心静脉通道装置。某些确定的肿瘤类型发生VTE的危险较大。特发性血栓栓塞初次发病时需作广泛的肿瘤筛选,对发现潜在隐匿的恶性肿瘤具有早期诊断价值。
Cancer is the most important risk factor for acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE). Carcinoma can express procoagulant protein, directly and indirectly activate the coagulation system, but also produce inflammatory cytokines, triggers the coagulation state and the risk of thromboembolism. Tumor mass can be external pressure near the blood vessels and venous blood stasis. Also includes immobility, cancer and its treatment and potential thrombolytic genetic factors. Many commonly used treatments also increase the risk of VTE, including surgery, chemotherapy drugs, the use of adjuvant hormones, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors and indwelling central venous access devices. Some of the established tumor types are at a greater risk of VTE. The initial onset of idiopathic thromboembolism need to make a wide range of tumor screening, the discovery of potentially occult malignancies with early diagnostic value.