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综述了乳化原油破乳中使用的两类破乳剂，即油包水乳化原油破乳剂和水包油乳化原油破乳剂。重点介绍了它们的发展过程、重要的破乳剂、破乳机理和发展趋势。研究认为，一次采油和二次采油采出的乳化原油多是油包水乳化原油，其破乳剂主要是高分子非离子型表面活性剂．通过取代、聚结、增溶等机理起作用；三次采油采出的乳化原油多是水包油乳化原油，其破乳剂主要是表面活性剂和高分子，通过反应、取代、抵消、聚结等机理起作用，这两类破乳剂发展的总趋势是多成分复配使用。
Two types of demulsifiers used in demulsification of emulsified crude oil are reviewed, namely water-in-oil emulsified crude oil demulsifier and oil-in-water emulsified crude oil demulsifier. The development process, important demulsifier, demulsification mechanism and development trend are mainly introduced. The study shows that the primary oil recovery and secondary recovery of oil produced mostly emulsified crude oil water-in-oil, the demulsifier is mainly a nonionic surfactant polymer. Through the substitution, coalescence, solubilization and other mechanisms play a role; the third oil recovery of the crude oil produced mostly oil-in-water emulsified crude oil, the demulsifier is mainly surfactant and polymer, through the reaction, substitution, offset, coalescence, etc. Mechanisms work, and the general trend in the development of these two types of demulsifiers is the use of multiple components.