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[目的]了解西藏大骨节病病区内患者与非患者的膳食结构并进行比较,为大骨节病病因研究和防治提供科学依据。[方法]使用自制调查表,以面谈的方式对拉萨市林周县、墨竹工卡县和山南地区桑日县部分病区中905人进行食物频率法膳食调查。[结果]病区人群中主食以当地糌粑为主的百分比为75.88%。女性和患者主食以当地糌粑为主的的百分比(77.33%和92.27%)高于男性和非患者(73.61%和69.90%);而男性和非患者食用外地面和大米均多于患者。除牛肉外男性和非患者食用猪肉、鸡肉、羊肉和山羊肉的百分比均高于女性和患者,非患者中经常吃肉、蛋、奶和蔬菜的人数均比患者多,反之患者中很少吃和不吃这些食物者比非患者多,所有被调查的群众该类食物摄入偏少。[结论]通过本次调查,发现西藏大骨节病病区内人群的膳食结构不合理,存在主食相对单一,以当地糌粑为主,患者中更甚;病区内女性和患者食用肉类、蛋和奶类频率与男性和非患者相比偏低;蔬菜品种和数量都偏少,水果类缺乏等问题。
[Objective] To understand and compare the diet of patients with non-patients in Kashin-Beck disease area in Tibet and provide a scientific basis for the study and prevention of Kashin-Beck disease. [Method] A self-made questionnaire was used to interview 905 people in Linzhou County, Mozhugongka County and Sangri County in Lhasa City by means of interview. [Results] The percentage of staple food in the ward population, mainly local ones, was 75.88%. The prevalence of staple foods among females and patients was 77.33% and 92.27%, respectively, higher than those of males and non-females (73.61% and 69.90%). Both males and non-males consumed more oats and rice than the patients. The percentage of male and non-beef consuming pork, chicken, lamb and goat was higher than that of women and patients except beef. The number of non-patients who regularly consumed meat, eggs, milk and vegetables was more than that of patients and the patients seldom ate And those who do not eat these foods more than non-patients, all the people surveyed the type of food intake is less. [Conclusion] Through this investigation, we found that the dietary structure of people in Kashin-Beck disease area in Tibet is unreasonable. There is a relatively simple staple food, mainly in local catfish, and even more in the patients. In the ward, women and patients consume meat, Low frequency of eggs and milk compared with men and non-patients; vegetable varieties and quantity are less, the lack of fruit and other issues.