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三、摘要1.温度的高低对出苗到抽穗阶段的影响远比抽穗到成熟阶段为大;这一时期受温度影响的变异系数大,生育伸缩性大,因而防御低温冷害的重点应放在抽穗之前。其中幼穗分化期是低温冷害的敏感期,通过此期需要较高的生物学下限温度(20±0.5℃)。抽穗到成熟需要的活动积温相对恒定,此期充足的积温对安全成熟非常重要。2.高粱产量与播期达到显著和极显著平准,与总积温呈正相关,r=+0.732;其回归方程 Y=-434.3+0.435X,即积温每升降100℃,亩产增减43.5斤。温度对产量因素中第一分枝数、穗粒数、穗粒重影响大(变异系数幅度大),对粒重、穗长则影响小(变异系数幅度小)。因此要减轻冷害的影响,必须针对影响大的诸因素采取有效的防御措施。3.磷肥对高粱生育有明显的促进作用。尤其在苗期低温条件下,磷肥促进幼苗早生快发,增加株高、叶面积和绿色体数量,促进根系,增加根数。磷肥对苗期冷害有补偿作用。磷肥还有促进幼穗分化的作用,比不施磷提早3～6天进入幼穗分化,并加快分化提前2～7天结束。约提前一个分化阶段。磷肥使幼穗增大,给增产打下基础。初步证明了磷肥促进作物早熟增产的作用机理。4.在4～9月≥10℃的活动积温比历年平均值少200℃左右的低温年份,在土壤速效磷含量5～10ppm 的地块种杂交高粱,每亩施50斤过磷酸钙做口肥,可提早抽穗6～8天,提早成熟5～7天,增产13.6～22.6%。施磷量与产量为极显著正相关,r=+0.935。每增施一斤过磷酸钙,增产3.7斤高粱籽粒。
Summary 1. The effect of temperature on seedling to heading stage is much larger than that on heading stage to mature stage. During this period, the coefficient of variation affected by temperature is large and the fertility and retractility are large. Therefore, the focus of defense against cold damage should be placed on heading prior to. Among them, young panicle differentiation stage is the sensitive period of chilling injury, which requires a lower limit of biological temperature (20 ± 0.5 ℃) during this period. The accumulated accumulated temperature of the activities required for heading to maturity is relatively constant, and sufficient accumulated temperature during this period is very important for safe maturation. Sorghum yield and sowing reached a significant and very significant level, and the total accumulated temperature was positively correlated, r = +0.732; The regression equation Y = -434.3 +0.435X, that is, the cumulative temperature rise and fall of 100 ℃, increase and decrease of 43.5 kg per mu . The temperature had a great influence on the first branch number, the number of grains per ear and the grain weight per spike (the variation coefficient was large) and the effect on the grain weight and spike length (the variation coefficient was small). Therefore, in order to reduce the impact of chilling injury, effective defensive measures must be taken in the light of the large impact factors. Phosphate fertilizers have a significant role in promoting sorghum. Especially under the condition of seedling hypothermia, the phosphate fertilizer can promote the rapid emergence of young seedling early, increase the plant height, leaf area and the number of green body, promote the root system and increase the root number. Phosphate fertilizer on the chilling injury have compensatory effect. Phosphate also promote the differentiation of young panicles, compared with no phosphorus 3 to 6 days earlier into spike differentiation and accelerate the differentiation of 2 to 7 days ahead of the end. About a differentiation stage ahead. Phosphate fertilizer to young panicles to lay the foundation to increase production. Preliminary evidence of the role of phosphate fertilizer to promote crop early yield increase mechanism. 4.In April ~ September ≥10 ℃ active accumulated temperature less than the annual average of about 200 ℃ low temperature in the soil available phosphorus content of 5 ~ 10ppm plots of hybrid sorghum, per acre applied 50 kg superphosphate mouth Fertilizer, early heading 6 to 8 days, mature 5 to 7 days earlier, an increase of 13.6 to 22.6%. There was a significant and significant positive correlation between phosphorus application and yield (r = + 0.935). For each extra kilogram of superphosphate, an increase of 3.7 kg sorghum grain.