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目的分析云安县狂犬病流行病学特征及其流行因素,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对云安县2004-2009年全县报告的狂犬病病例个案资料进行统计分析。结果云安县2004—2009年共发生报告狂犬病34例,全县8个镇中7个镇有病例报告,均在农村发病。发病时间以5、7、9、10、12月为主,占79.4%;男性多于女性,男女性别比为1.83:1;年龄分布以50岁以上居多,占58.8%,15岁以下儿童次之,占29.4%;职业分布以农民为主,占70.6%,学生次之,占26.5%;伤人动物中,以犬为主,占85.3%,猫次之,占11.8%;伤及部位以上肢为主,占58.8%,下肢次之,占23.5%;全部病例均没有规范处理伤口和狂犬病疫苗、抗毒血清(或免疫球蛋白)接种;潜伏期最短9d,最长3年,平均为98d;具有典型狂犬病临床症状,病程1～12d,34例全部死亡。结论云安县2004—2009年所发生34例狂犬病主要是由于疫情扩散、犬密度过高、犬类“管、免、灭”综合防治措施不到位、群众防控制意识不强和麻痹尧幸心理所引起的,今后防治对策主要是着力提高群众防控意识和建立政府主导的狂犬病防控长效机制。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic factors of rabies in Yunan County and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the case data of rabies cases reported from 2004 to 2009 in Yun’an County. Results A total of 34 rabies cases were reported from 2004 to 2009 in Yunan County. There were 7 case reports in 8 towns of 8 counties in Yunan County, all of which were reported in rural areas. The onset time was mainly in May, July, September, October and December, accounting for 79.4%. There were more males than females, with a sex ratio of 1.83: 1. The age distribution was mostly over 50 years old, accounting for 58.8% and children under 15 years Accounting for 29.4%. The occupational distribution was dominated by peasants, accounting for 70.6% of the total, followed by the students, accounting for 26.5%. Of the animals, mainly dogs, accounting for 85.3%, followed by cats, accounting for 11.8% Mainly in the upper limbs, accounting for 58.8%, followed by the lower limbs, accounting for 23.5%; all cases were not standardized treatment of rabies and rabies vaccine, anti-virus serum (or immunoglobulin) vaccination; incubation period of 9d, the longest 3 years, 98d; with typical clinical symptoms of rabies, duration of 1 ~ 12d, 34 patients died. Conclusions 34 cases of rabies in Yunan County in 2004-2009 were mainly due to the spread of the epidemic and the high dog density. The comprehensive prevention and treatment measures for dogs were not in place and the awareness of mass prevention and control was not strong and paralysis. Psychological caused by the future prevention and control measures are mainly focused on raising awareness of prevention and control of the masses and the establishment of government-led long-term mechanism of rabies prevention and control.