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目的了解绍兴市部分公共场所集中空调污染特征及相关人群感染水平。方法根据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》,随机抽取绍兴市2006-2010年大型酒店、宾馆、商场、超市、医院、证券公司、写字楼等公共场所的集中空调通风系统和冷却塔水;抽取相应公共场所健康工作人员520人(接触组)和非从事公共场所行业的健康人群(对照组)511人,分别进行卫生学调查和人群血清学检测。结果空调送风中积尘量、细菌总数均值超标,2006年中等污染为70%,严重污染为30%,2010年中等污染为75%,严重污染为25%。2009年110份冷却塔水军团菌检出率为67.3%(74/110),74份水样中分离到90株军团菌,血清型别多样化,但以1型嗜肺军团菌(LP1)为主,同1份水样同时检出2个或3个型别的占总检出水样的17.6%(13/74)。接触组血清中军团菌感染的阳性率为14.9%,对照组4.8%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义。(χ2=23.29,P<0.01)。结论该市公共场所中央空调通风系统微生物污染严重,军团菌广泛存生于公共场所空调冷却塔,血清型别多样化,对人群健康构成潜在威胁,需要引起重视以防军团菌病的暴发流行。
Objective To understand the pollution characteristics of central air conditioning in some public places in Shaoxing and the level of infection among related groups. Methods According to Hygienic Standard for Ventilation System of Central Air Conditioning System in Public Places, the centralized air conditioning and ventilation system and cooling tower water in public places such as large hotels, guesthouses, shopping malls, supermarkets, hospitals, securities companies and office buildings in Shaoxing were randomly selected from 2006 to 2010; There were 520 health workers in corresponding public places (contact group) and 511 healthy people (control group) who were not engaged in public places, and carried out hygiene survey and population serological test respectively. Results The amount of dust accumulated in the air-conditioned air supply and the total number of bacteria exceeded the standard. In 2006, the average pollution was 70% and the serious pollution was 30%. In 2010, the medium pollution was 75% and the serious pollution was 25%. The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in 110 cooling towers was 67.3% (74/110) in 2009, and 90 strains of Legionella were isolated from 74 water samples. The serotypes of Legionella pneumophila type 1 (LP1) In the same time, 17.6% (13/74) of the total detected water samples with two or three types were detected simultaneously with one water sample. The positive rate of Legionella infection in the serum of the contact group was 14.9% and that of the control group was 4.8%. There was significant difference between the two groups. (χ2 = 23.29, P <0.01). Conclusions The air pollution of central air-conditioning and ventilation system in public places in this city is serious. The Legionella bacteria widely exist in the cooling towers of air-conditioners in public places. The diversity of serum types poses a potential threat to the health of the population and needs to be taken seriously to prevent outbreaks of Legionella.