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目的了解和掌握某县农村饮用水管理现状及水质卫生指标情况,为相关部门改善农村水水质提供依据。方法选择某县41个农村小型集中式供水点,每个采样点分枯、丰水期及出厂水、末梢水进行水质采样检测,共采集164份水样,每份水样检测31项指标。结果水样总合格率为18.9%;水样单项合格率为:总大肠菌群26.8%、耐热大肠菌群52.4%、大肠埃希氏菌72.6%、菌落总数76.2%、硝酸盐86.0%、硫酸盐91.0%、氟化物98.2%、总硬度98.8%,其余项目均为100.0%合格;出厂水与末梢水合格率差异无统计学意义;丰水期与枯水期合格率差异无统计学意义,但3项微生物指标合格率差异有统计学意义;丘陵地区与山区水样合格率差异有统计学意义。41个小型集中式供水点均未办理卫生许可证,饮用水管理人未办理健康证;内部管理不到位,未采取任何消毒措施,水源防护差。结论某县农村饮用水管理差;水质合格率低,特别是细菌污染比较严重;枯水期水质好于丰水期;山区水质好于丘陵地区。
Objective To understand and master the status quo of rural drinking water management in a certain county and the hygienic index of water quality so as to provide the basis for relevant departments to improve water quality in rural areas. Methods A total of 41 samples of rural small-scale centralized water supply points were selected. Each sampling point was divided into wet and dry periods, factory water and peripheral water samples for water quality sampling. A total of 164 water samples were collected and 31 indicators were tested for each water sample. Results The total qualified rate of water sample was 18.9%. The single pass rate of water sample was 26.8% of total coliforms, 52.4% of heat-resistant coliforms, 72.6% of Escherichia coli, 76.2% of total colonies, 86.0% of nitrate, 91.0% of sulfate, 98.2% of fluoride and 98.8% of total hardness. The remaining items were 100.0% qualified. There was no significant difference in qualified rate between the ex-factory water and the end-use water. There was no significant difference between the wet-dry period and the dry season, There were significant differences among the three microbiological indicators in pass rate; the passing rate of water sample in hilly area and mountainous area had statistical significance. 41 small centralized water supply points were not for health permits, drinking water managers did not apply for health card; internal management is not in place, did not take any disinfection measures, poor water protection. Conclusion The management of rural drinking water in a county is poor; the qualified rate of water quality is low, especially the bacterial pollution is serious; the water quality in dry season is better than the wet season; the water quality in mountainous area is better than that in hilly areas.