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一、引言在某个温度下承受应力、进行变形的物体,当温度上升到某一数值时,即恢复原来的形状.这样一种有趣的现象,就是所谓的形状记忆效应。30年前,张禄经和Read首次在Au-Cd合金上发现这种现象。接着,有人又在In-T1合金上发现这种现象。但是,由于这些合金都是特殊合金,故当时没被引起注意。以后,到1963年,美国海军军事研究所的Buehler等人发现,Ti-Ni合金具有明显的形状记忆效应。于是,关于形状记忆合金的研究才开始兴盛起来,并导至后面所述的各种应用。1970年以后,由于集中精力地研究了形状记忆效应与马氏体转变之间的关系,现在,形状记忆的机制已经基本弄清。本文在简述马氏体转变和形状记忆机制的基础上,将结合形状记忆合金的开发,重点地介绍它的各种应用。
I. INTRODUCTION An object that undergoes stress and deforms at a certain temperature regains its original shape as the temperature rises to a certain value. Such an interesting phenomenon is the so-called shape memory effect. Thirty years ago, Zhang Lu Jing and Read for the first time in the Au-Cd alloy found this phenomenon. Then, someone found this phenomenon on the In-T1 alloy. However, since these alloys were special alloys, they were not noticed at that time. Later, by 1963, Buehler et al. Of the U.S. Navy’s Military Institute found that the Ti-Ni alloy has a significant shape-memory effect. As a result, research into shape memory alloys began to flourish and lead to the various applications described below. Since 1970, due to a focus on the relationship between shape memory effect and martensitic transformation, the mechanism of shape memory has now been basically clarified. Based on the brief description of the martensitic transformation and the shape memory mechanism, this article will focus on the various applications of the shape memory alloy with its development.