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一前言森林火灾的发生与天气条件关系密切,降水是影响火灾发生与否的重要因子之一,它能制约林火的发生与发展。我国年降水量的分布是由东南向西北逐渐减少,从大兴安岭山区开始向西南经燕山、吕梁山、子午山、六盘山到青藏高原边缘为400mm等雨线。分界线以东受海洋季风影响雨量较大,年降雨量超过400mm,为森林植物区。分界线以西为内陆高原,距海洋较远,四周受高大的山岭和高原阻挡,气候干燥少雨,年降水量不足400mm,为草原和荒漠区。森林火灾绝大多数发生在400mm以东地区。由于南北方气候差异很大,降水量分布不等,导致各地区进入防火期的月份也不同,有季节性变化。
Foreword The occurrence of forest fire is closely related to the weather conditions. Precipitation is one of the important factors that affect the occurrence of a fire. It can restrict the occurrence and development of forest fires. The distribution of annual precipitation in China is gradually decreasing from southeast to northwest. From the mountains of Daxinganling to the southwest via Yanshan, Lvliangshan, Ziwu Mountain, Liupan Mountain to the edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the rain line. East of the demarcation line is affected by the ocean monsoon rainfall, annual rainfall over 400mm, for the forest plantation area. To the west of the demarcation line is the inland plateau, far away from the sea, surrounded by tall mountains and plateaus surrounded by mountains. The climate is dry and rainy. The annual precipitation is less than 400mm, which is regarded as grassland and desert. The vast majority of forest fires occurred in the 400mm East. Due to the large difference in climate between the north and south and the distribution of precipitation, the months leading to the fire prevention period in all regions are also different, with seasonal changes.