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对于明清中国科学的发展,英国学者李约瑟提出过一个引人注目的“李约瑟难题”①。它把十四世纪以后中国科学的落伍视作一个令人困惑的谜。这个谜如雾一般笼罩着中国明清科技史研究,也包括近年来崛起的“徐学”研究。比如,徐霞客的方法论属于中世纪还是近代?其价值观对传统有无本质突破?其与资本主义萌芽又关系如何?从徐霞客身上能否找到解开“李约瑟难题”的突破口?本文愿意略作探讨,抛砖以引玉。徐霞客是我国明代杰出的地理学家、旅行家,
For the development of science in China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Joseph Needham, a British scholar, put forward a striking “Needham Puzzle.” It regards the outdated Chinese science after the fourteenth century as a puzzling mystery. This mystery, like fog, is generally shrouded in the study of the history of science and technology in the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. It also includes the research on the rise of “Xu Xue” in recent years. For example, Xu Xiake’s methodology belongs to the Middle Ages or the modern? Whether its values on the traditional nature of breakthroughs? And the budding of capitalism and how? From Xu Xiake who can find a solution to the “Needham problem” breakthrough? This article is willing to explore, throw Brick to attract jade. Xu Xiake is an outstanding geographer, traveler,