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胃癌死亡率居高不下的原因主要在于广泛的侵袭和转移。恶性肿瘤的侵袭和转移是一个受多因素调控、多种基因参与的多步骤、多阶段、连续复杂的主动过程,很多机制现在还不清楚。但是目前很多研究表明肿瘤间质中的血管生成和细胞外基质的降解是恶性肿瘤侵袭和转移的重要步骤。随着分子生物技术的飞速发展,对这两个步骤基因水平上的研究已成为热点,并发现了例如血管内皮生长因子、基质金属蛋白酶多种基因通过不同方式调控肿瘤血管生成和细胞外基质降解,从而导致胃癌的侵袭和转移。
The main reason for the high mortality rate of gastric cancer is widespread invasion and metastasis. Malignant tumor invasion and metastasis is a multi-step, multi-stage and continuous complex active process regulated by many factors and involved in many genes. Many mechanisms are still unclear. However, many studies show that angiogenesis and extracellular matrix degradation in tumor stroma are important steps in invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. With the rapid development of molecular biology technology, the research on the gene level of these two steps has become a hot spot and found that a variety of genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases regulate tumor angiogenesis and extracellular matrix degradation in different ways , Resulting in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.