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20世纪是生命科学迅猛发展的时代,尤其是最后20年,生物技术的飞速发展更是令人注目。利用基因技术培育的转基因食品已经摆上了普通百姓的餐桌,基因疗法已经开始挽救患者的生命。更引人注目的是克隆技术的重大突破,它使动物的复制成为可能。人类数千年来的梦想正随着生物技术的发展逐一实现,随着物理学世纪让位于生物技术世纪,还将会有更多的奇迹出现。在21世纪生命科学将成为自然科学的带头学科。分子生物学将在生命科学中保持主流地位;细胞生物学还将作为生命科学的基础科学继续发展;脑科学将代表生命科学发展的一个高峰;基因组计划、基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程、蛋白质工程将带来农业、食品、医药和化学工业等领域的革命,产生难以估量的社会效益和经济效益。生物技术的飞速发展及其广泛的应用前景将使生物产业成为全社会的支柱产业。始于1990年的绘制人类基因组图谱工程,动用了美国、日本和欧洲的数百名科学家,预计耗资30亿美元,最终目标是要在2005年之前绘制出人体10万个基因的图谱,揭开30亿个碱基对的密码,弄清全部基因的位置、结构和功能并编目绘图。这项工程意义极为重大,它可以揭开有关人体生长、发育、衰老、死亡和遗传病变等的秘密,最终将帮助人类攻克诸如癌症、艾滋病、肝炎、肺结核、阿尔茨海默氏症等许多疑难病症。
The 20th century is an era of rapid development of life sciences. Especially in the last 20 years, the rapid development of biotechnology is even more remarkable. Genetically modified foods that have been cultivated using genetic technologies are already on the table for ordinary people and gene therapy has begun to save the lives of patients. Even more remarkable is the major breakthrough in cloning technology that makes animal replication possible. Human beings have been dreaming for thousands of years with the development of biotechnology one by one. With the arrival of the century of biotechnology in the biotechnology century, there will be more miracles. In the 21st century life sciences will become the leading science of natural science. Molecular biology will maintain its mainstream status in life sciences; cell biology will continue to develop as the basic science of life sciences; brain science will represent a culmination of life sciences; and genome programs, genetic engineering, cell engineering, enzyme engineering, proteins The project will bring about revolutions in the fields of agriculture, food, medicine and chemical industry, which will have immeasurable social and economic benefits. The rapid development of biotechnology and its broad application prospects will make the biotechnology industry a pillar industry of the whole society. Hundreds of scientists from the United States, Japan and Europe, drawing on the mapping project of the human genome since 1990, are expected to spend 3 billion U.S. dollars. The ultimate goal is to draw a map of 100,000 genes of the human body by 2005, 3 billion base pairs of passwords, find out the location, structure and function of all genes and catalog the drawings. The project is extremely significant in that it can reveal the secrets about human growth, development, aging, death and genetic diseases that will eventually help humankind overcome many problems such as cancer, AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis and Alzheimer’s disease disease.