论文部分内容阅读
第二十七章中世中期的歐洲文化‘一定的文化是一定社会的政治和經濟在觀念形態上的反映。’(毛主席:‘新民主主義论’) 隨着中世中期歐洲政治经济发展的過程,出現了文化發展的過程。即從封建文化的完全統治到资產階級文化萌芽並與之堅决鬥爭的發展過程。在這一章中我們要闡明的有三个主要问题。(一)封建文化的特徵,它怎樣為封建統治階級服務。(二)资产階級文化運動——文藝復興运動怎樣發生的。(三)资產階級文化的特徵,它怎樣為資產階級服務。关於第一個問題,在上一册課本第二十章‘中世紀早期世界文化’中已經觸及到了。但這里仍必須和它聯系起來。西歐封建文化有这樣兩個特徵。第一、宗教支配着一切文化領域,教會
Chapter 27 The European Culture in the Middle Ages The culture is a reflection of the political and economic conceptions of a certain society. (Chairman Mao: ’New Democracy’) With the process of the political and economic development in Europe in the middle period of the Middle Ages, there emerged the process of cultural development. That is, from the complete rule of feudal culture to the germination of the bourgeois culture and the resolute struggle against it. There are three main issues that we want to clarify in this chapter. (A) the characteristics of feudal culture, how it serves the feudal ruling class. (B) bourgeois cultural movement - how the Renaissance took place. (C) the characteristics of the bourgeois culture, how it serves the bourgeoisie. As for the first question, it has already been touched upon in the last chapter of the textbook “The Early Middle Ages of World Culture.” But it still has to be linked with it. Western European feudal culture has two characteristics. First, religion dominates all areas of culture, the church