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直译、意译与归化、异化两组概念曾引起国内翻译理论家的高度关注。多数学者肯定了归化、异化与直译、意译的联系,但认为归化、异化着眼于文化层面的差异,直译、意译注重语言层面的差异。然而,围绕上述两组概念的讨论无论是在讨论范畴还是在理论旨趣上都存在一定的交互。无论是直译、意译两个概念的内涵还是讨论所涉及内容都是异常复杂的。直译、意译讨论不仅关涉语言、文化层面,更旁涉政治和意识形态领域。通过直译、意译和归化、异化所反映出来的翻译基本问题大致相当。后者的提出只是直译、意译问题在新语境中的延续。在理解直译、意译和归化、异化等概念时,重点不是刻意区分这两组相似的概念,而是通过这些概念更好地理解翻译理论的产生和发展。
Literal translation, free translation and naturalization, alienation two groups of concepts has aroused great concern of the domestic translation theorists. Most scholars affirm the connection between domestication, foreignization and literal translation and free translation, but think that domestication and alienation focus on cultural differences, and literal translation and free translation focus on differences in language. However, there is a certain interaction between the two groups of concepts discussed in the discussion category and the theoretical interest. Both the content of the two concepts of literal translation and free translation are extremely complicated. Literal translation, free translation discussion not only related to language, cultural level, but also on the other areas of politics and ideology. Through literal translation, free translation and naturalization, alienation reflects the translation of the basic issues roughly the same. The latter’s proposal is only a continuation of literal translation and free translation in the new context. In understanding the concepts of literal translation, free translation and domestication, alienation, the emphasis is not on distinguishing the similar concepts between the two groups, but rather on understanding the emergence and development of translation theory through these concepts.