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目的:了解青海省海南州5岁以下儿童死亡原因及动态变化趋势,探讨相关因素,提出科学有效的干预措施。方法:对2004年1月—2013年12月海南州5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行死亡率、构成比、死亡顺位等相关因素分析。结果:海南州5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势;死亡年龄越小所占比例越高;5岁以下儿童死因前五位为:出生窒息、早产及低出生体重、肺炎、意外和其他先天性疾病。结论:必须加强新生儿窒息的抢救能力及高危孕产妇系统管理能力,熟练掌握新生儿复苏技术,降低婴儿特别是新生儿的死亡率,是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the causes and trends of death among children under 5 years of age in Hainan Province of Qinghai Province, discuss related factors and propose scientific and effective intervention measures. Methods: The death rate, constituent ratio, and death-related factors of death under 5 years old in Hainan Province from January 2004 to December 2013 were analyzed. Results: The mortality rate of children under 5 in Hainan Province showed a declining trend year by year; the lower the death rate was, the higher the death rate was; the top 5 causes of death among children under 5 were: birth asphyxia, premature birth and low birth weight, pneumonia, accidents and other innate diseases Sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusion: Rescue of neonatal asphyxia and systematic management of high-risk maternal diseases must be strengthened. Skilled neonatal resuscitation techniques and the reduction of infant and especially neonatal mortality are the keys to reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.