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湖北省秭归县张家冲小流域位于三峡库区,土地资源贫瘠,生态环境脆弱。为探讨相似土壤环境下,种植不同作物的坡耕地土壤微生物的碳源代谢是否有差异,我们选择该地水土保持站试验田坡耕地3种典型作物(柑橘、茶树、花生)及有无树篱搭配共计6种处理的6块样地,采得18个土样,测定了土壤理化性质,通过Biolog ECO微平板技术研究土壤微生物功能多样性,并运用多元统计方法,探索土壤微生物功能多样性与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,土壤理化性质及土壤微生物受种植作物类型的影响。花生样地速效养分含量最低(P<0.001)。柑橘无树篱样地土壤微生物活性最高,即Biolog培养的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)最大(P<0.05)。不同作物样地土壤微生物功能多样性顺序为:柑橘地>花生地>茶树地(P<0.05)。总体来看,样地土壤微生物主要代谢碳源类型为多聚物类和氨基酸类。芳香类和胺类碳源代谢在不同作物样地间存在显著差异(P<0.05),有无树篱对糖类和羧酸类碳源代谢有较大的影响(P<0.01)。柑橘样地土壤微生物碳源代谢受土壤理化因子影响较小,茶树样地土壤微生物的代谢与土壤pH、碱解氮、速效磷等相关性较高,而花生样地土壤微生物的代谢却与总氮、速效钾相关性较高。研究表明:在该地贫瘠的土壤中,不同作物土壤理化性质、土壤微生物代谢活性、多样性及碳源代谢类型存在差异;土壤微生物代谢特征与土壤理化性质有关。
The Zhangjiachong small watershed in Zigui County, Hubei Province is located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, with poor land resources and fragile ecological environment. In order to find out whether the carbon metabolism of soil microorganisms on sloping farmland was different under different soil conditions in a similar soil environment, we selected three typical crops (citrus, tea, peanut) Six samples from six treatments were collected and 18 soil samples were collected. The physical and chemical properties of soil were determined. The functional diversity of soil microbes was studied by Biolog ECO microplate technique. Multivariate statistical methods were used to explore the relationship between soil microbial functional diversity and soil physicochemical properties The nature of the relationship. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties and soil microorganisms affected by crop types. Peanut samples had the lowest available nutrient (P <0.001). Citrus hedgerows had the highest soil microbial activity, ie, the average color change rate (AWCD) of Biolog culture was the highest (P <0.05). The sequence of soil microbial diversity in different crops was citrus land> peanut land> tea land (P <0.05). In general, the main carbon sources of soil microorganisms in sample soil are poly-amines and amino acids. There was significant difference (P <0.05) in the metabolism of aromatic carbons and amine carbon sources between different crop sites (P <0.05). The presence or absence of hedge had a significant effect on the carbohydrate and carboxylic acid carbon metabolism (P <0.01). The soil microbial biomass carbon metabolism in citrus was less affected by soil physico-chemical factors. The metabolism of soil microorganisms in tea-tree soil samples had higher correlation with soil pH, available nitrogen and available phosphorus. However, Nitrogen, available potassium correlation is high. The results showed that soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial metabolic activity, diversity and carbon source metabolism of different crops were different in this soils. The metabolic characteristics of soil microorganisms were related to soil physical and chemical properties.