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目的通过调查了解并比较昆明市城、乡6~24月龄婴幼儿出生早期喂养状况,分析存在的问题,为改善昆明市婴幼儿营养状况提供科学依据。方法以昆明市城、乡6~24月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象,采用自制的调查表进行横断面问卷调查。结果昆明市城、乡6~24月龄婴幼儿早期喂养问题突出,且城乡差异显著。1)6月龄纯母乳喂养率较低,城、乡分别为42.1%和57.0%;2)婴儿出生后开奶时间晚,城、乡分别有44.2%和57%的婴幼儿开奶时间超过出生后24h;3)婴幼儿出生后第一口食物是母乳的比例很低,城、乡分别为22.5%和10.9%;4)出生后婴儿吃的第一口食物主要是配方奶粉(城市占43.8%)和糖水(农村占49%);5)过早(≤4月龄)添加辅食现象普遍,且城市早于农村等。结论昆明市婴幼儿早期喂养问题不容忽视,尤其是农村地区。及时、准确、全面地对喂养人进行营养健康教育的工作迫在眉睫。
Objective To understand and compare the early infant feeding status of infants from 6 to 24 months old in Kunming city and township through investigation, to analyze the existing problems and provide scientific basis for the improvement of infants and toddlers nutritional status in Kunming. Methods Kunming city, township 6 to 24 months of infants and young children as the research object, the use of self-made questionnaire cross-sectional survey. Results Kunming City, 6 to 24 months old infants and young children early feeding problems prominent, and significant differences between urban and rural areas. 1) The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months of age was lower, with 42.1% and 57.0% respectively in urban and rural areas; 2) After opening the baby after birth, 44.2% and 57% 3) after birth, the first food is very low proportion of breast milk, with 22.5% in urban area and 10.9% in rural area. 4) The first food for infants born after birth is mainly formula milk powder 43.8%) and sugar water (49% of rural areas); 5) premature (≤ 4 months) supplementing food is common and urban areas are earlier than rural areas. Conclusion The problems of infant and early childhood feeding in Kunming can not be neglected, especially in rural areas. Timely, accurate and comprehensive feeding and nutrition health education is imminent.