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MicroRNA(miRNA)是近年来发现的一类非蛋白编码的小分子RNA,广泛存在于动植物细胞中,长度通常为18~22个核苷酸残基,在基因的转录后调控中起到重要的作用,参与细胞生长,分化和凋亡等多种生理病理过程。研究发现miRNA与肿瘤的发生和转移有密切的关系,某些miRNA可参与肿瘤干细胞的增殖、分化和细胞凋亡等调控过程,起着癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,miRNA正成为肿瘤的诊断和治疗的新靶点。本文主要就miRNA的生物合成以及miRNA与肿瘤的关系进行综述。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs found in recent years. They are widely found in animal and plant cells and usually range from 18 to 22 nucleotide residues and play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of genes The role of participation in cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis and other physiological and pathological processes. It has been found that miRNAs are closely related to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Some miRNAs are involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of cancer stem cells, play a role of oncogene or tumor suppressor gene, and miRNAs are becoming the diagnosis of tumors And the new target of treatment. This review summarizes the biosynthesis of miRNAs and the relationship between miRNAs and tumors.