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目的：分析喀什市区居民脑卒中高危因素及采取相对应的干预措施。方法2012年6月至2013年6月，以喀什市库木代尔瓦扎街道社区年龄≥40岁且外出居住时限≤6个月的居民为筛查对象。采用随机整群抽样法，共抽取该街道8个社区，对筛查出的脑卒中高危人员的性别、年龄进行比较，针对危险因素的不同分布采取相对应的干预措施。结果本次共筛查出高危人员980例，其中男性541例，占55.2%，女性439例，占44.8%。男性高血压、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）增高、颈动脉狭窄的比例明显高于女性，尤其是≥60岁以上男性高血压更明显(P<0.05)；而男性房颤或瓣膜性心脏病、糖尿病、缺乏体育锻炼或轻体力劳动、颈动脉内膜增厚或不光滑的比例明显低于女性相同年龄组。男性吸烟、饮酒以及高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、超重、肥胖比例高于女性，尤其是40～<60岁的男性更明显(P<0.05)。男性甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）升高及短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）发生的比例低于女性，但在年龄分布无明显差异；脑卒中、颈动脉内斑块在性别以及年龄间比例差异不明显；男性存在脑卒中家族史的比例高于女性，但在年龄分布上无明显差别。结论脑卒中发生与多种危险因素有关，积极干预危险因素，减少吸烟、酗酒和适度参加体育锻炼，控制体重，建立健康的生活方式，有效控制血压、血糖、Hcy 水平，降低血脂等，对预防和降低脑卒中的发生有着积极作用。“,”Objective To analyse the stroke high-risk factors of the urban residents in Kashi and take corresponding intervention measures. Methods From June 2012 to June 2013,we choosed the residents aged ≥ 40 years old and living out duration ≤ 6 months in Kumu Dyer WaZa street community of Kashi City.Using random cluster sampling method,a total of 8 samples of the street community were taken.The age and sex were compared among high-risk persons screened, we took corresponding measures according to different distribution of risk factors. Results 980 high-risk persons were found,55.2%in which were male, and 44.8% were female. Among male persons,the ratio of hypertension,elevated Hcy,carotid artery stenosis,specially ≥ 60 years men were significantly higher than those among female persons(P<0.05); while the ratio of atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease,diabetes,lack of physical exercise,light manual labor,carotid artery intimal thickening or not smooth among male persons were significantly lower than those among the same age females group. The ratio of smoking,drinking,overweig ht,obesity and high density lipoprotein(HDL) amomg male persons were higher than those among female persons, especially male persons whose age were over 40 years old, <60 years old (P<0.05). The ratio of triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL) increased and transient ischemic attack(TIA) among male persons were less than those among female persons, but there were no difference among age distribution; the proportion of carotid arteryplaques,stroke were not significant difference between male and female,or among different ages. The family history of stroke among male persons was higher than that among female persons, but there was no significant difference among age distribution. Conclusion There are a variety of risk factors with stroke, positive interventing stroke risk factors,such as reduce smoking or drinking and moderate exercise, weight controlling, establishing a healthy life style,and effectivly controlling blood pressure,blood glucose, Hcy levels, reducing blood fat,can play a positive role to prevent and reduce the occurrence of stroke.