论文部分内容阅读
上帝存在与恶的问题是中世纪哲学重要问题之一。恶的问题通常被用作反驳上帝存在的理由,而应对这一诘难,为上帝存在的信仰作辩护的理论,就是神正论。圣托马斯·阿奎那在《论恶》一文中对恶的本质和恶的来源问题进行了仔细的澄清。本文通过对圣托马斯·阿奎那论证思路的分析和整理,认为其神正论有两大要点:第一,将恶解释为具体的善的缺失,从而对恶作了非实体化的处理,使其不具有本体论地位。第二,对自由意志与恶的关系的解释是,上帝不能给被造物一种只可行善不可作恶的自由意志,意志自由的本质在于可选择性。因此,上帝存在与恶的问题是相容的,恶的问题并不能作为否定上帝的存在的理由。
The question of God’s existence and evil is one of the important issues in medieval philosophy. The problem of evil is often used as a reason to refute the existence of God, and the theory of justifying this crux of the defense of God’s existential faith is the orthodox doctrine. St. Thomas Aquinas clarified carefully the issue of the nature and source of evil in his essay “On evil.” This article analyzes and sorts the thinking of St. Thomas Aquinas arguing that there are two main points in his theory of orthodoxy: first, to interpret evil as the absence of concrete good, so as to deal with the non-substantive evil; So that it does not have ontological status. Second, the explanation of the relationship between free will and evil is that God can not give creation a free will that can only do evil, and the essence of free will lies in its selectivity. Therefore, the problem of God’s existence and evil is compatible, and the problem of evil can not be used as a reason to deny the existence of God.