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目的了解2010―2013年梅州市手足口病重症病例的流行特征,掌握疫情变化趋势,为进一步制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法对2010―2013年梅州市手足口病重症病例进行分析。结果 2010―2013年梅州市共报告手足口病病例44 412例,年均发病率为259.88/10万;其中重症病例90例,重症发生率为0.20%;死亡9例,病死率为0.02%。全市8个县(市、区)均有手足口病重症病例报告,其中五华县重症发生率最高,为0.34%;重症病例发病时间主要集中在4―7月,共报告70例,占总数的77.78%(70/90);男性58例,女性32例,男女性别比为1.81∶1,男女重症发生率分别为0.21%和0.19%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);≤3岁儿童共报告79例,占总数的87.78%(79/90),不同年龄组之间重症发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);职业以散居儿童为主,共报告84例,占总数的93.33%(84/90)。75例实验室确诊重症病例中检出EV 71阳性60例,占80.00%(60/75)。结论梅州市手足口病重症病例以3岁及以下散居儿童为主,应加强对该人群的手足口病防控工作,有效减少重症病例的发生,切实保障儿童的身体健康。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Meizhou City from 2010 to 2013 and to grasp the trend of epidemic situation so as to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the severe cases of HFMD in Meizhou City during 2010-2013. Results A total of 44 412 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in Meizhou City from 2010 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 259.88 / 100 000; of which 90 were severe cases, the incidence of severe diseases was 0.20% and 9 cases were fatal, with a case fatality rate of 0.02%. The city’s eight counties (cities, districts) have HFMD severe case reports, including the highest incidence of severe Wuhua County, 0.34%; severe cases of onset time is mainly concentrated in the April-July, a total of 70 cases were reported, accounting for the total (70/90). There were 58 males and 32 females. The male / female sex ratio was 1.81: 1, and the incidence of severe males and females was 0.21% and 0.19% respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05) A total of 79-year-old children reported 79 cases, accounting for 87.78% (79/90) of the total. The incidence of severe diseases among different age groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Occupation was mainly for scattered children, 84 cases were reported, accounting for The total number of 93.33% (84/90). Among the 75 cases diagnosed in the laboratory, 60 EV71 positive cases were detected, accounting for 80.00% (60/75). Conclusion The major cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in Meizhou City are mainly scattered children aged 3 and below. Prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease in this population should be strengthened to effectively reduce the incidence of severe cases and ensure the physical health of children.