清初土地分配不均的一個實例

• 作 者: 孫毓棠
• 出 处: 历史教学
• 发表日期: 1951年07期
• 关键词: 土地分配 土地所有权 封建剥削 租入 百畝 分配情况 地入 九户 纪略 租地

清代土地所有权分配不均,是當時普遍的事实。大量私有地权集中在地主阶级之手,大的地主佔有土地至數千畝數万畝乃至數十萬畝(註一),中小地主也各自佔有百畝乃至數百畝。這般地主把佔有的土地们与农民。收取高額地租以進行封建剥削。而在全国農戶中佔大多數的雇农與貧农(后者包括佃農舆自耕兼佃農),却沒有土地或仅有少量土地,而不得不從地主們租入地地耕种,或出賣勞力為地主耕種。佃农舆自耕兼佃農在貧雇农中又佔絕大多数。

Uneven distribution of land ownership in the Qing Dynasty was a common fact at that time. A large number of private land rights concentrated in the hands of the landlord class, large landowners occupy tens of thousands of acres of land and even hundreds of thousands of acres of land (Note 1), small landowners also occupy acres or even hundreds of acres. Such landowners own land and peasants. Collect high rent for feudal exploitation. While the majority of the country’s farm laborers and poor peasants (the latter including tenant-owned peasants and tenant farmers) have no land or only a small amount of land, they have to cultivate from the landlords or lease their labor for Landlord cultivation. Tenant agricultural public ownership and tenant farmers account for the overwhelming majority of poor peasant farmers.