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为确定河北保定地区磷肥投入阈值,提高肥料利用效率,以冬小麦为研究对象进行大田试验,研究了磷肥施用对小麦产量、土壤硝态氮含量及氮素利用的影响.结果表明:与不施磷肥(P0)相比,优化施磷(P1,120 kg·hm-2)、200%优化施磷(P2,240 kg·hm-2)和400%优化施磷(P3,480 kg·hm-2)处理均能增加小麦株高、旗叶面积和单株叶面积,有利于光合产物的积累.施用磷肥显著提高了冬小麦的穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量,但千粒重有所下降.其中,以P2处理小麦产量最高,为6102 kg·hm-2,显著高于P0和P3处理,但与P1处理差异不显著.施用磷肥可有效降低耕层土壤硝态氮的积累量,但0~100 cm土体总积累量仍然偏高,可通过降低氮肥施入等方法减少土壤硝态氮含量.P1和P2处理冬小麦的氮素生产效率、氮素吸收效率均较高,但两者间并无显著差异.P1处理的磷肥利用率、磷肥农学效率、磷肥偏生产力显著高于P2和P3处理.本试验条件下,施磷量为120 kg·hm-2(P1)是兼顾小麦产量、氮磷利用效率和较低土壤硝态氮累积的适宜施磷量.
In order to determine the input threshold of phosphate fertilizer in Baoding area of Hebei province and improve the fertilizer use efficiency, field experiments were conducted on winter wheat to study the effects of P application on wheat yield, nitrate nitrogen content in soil and nitrogen utilization. (P 1, 120 kg · hm-2), 200% P (P 2 240 kg · hm -2) and 400% P 3 P 480 kg · hm -2 ) Increased wheat plant height, flag leaf area and leaf area per plant, which was conducive to the accumulation of photosynthetic products.Application of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the spikes, grains per spike and grain yield of winter wheat, The yield of wheat with P2 treatment was the highest, which was 6102 kg · hm-2, which was significantly higher than that of P0 and P3 treatment, but there was no significant difference with P1 treatment.Application of phosphate fertilizer could reduce the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in topsoil, cm soil total amount of accumulation is still high, can reduce soil nitrate nitrogen content by reducing nitrogen fertilizer application.P1 and P2 treatment of winter wheat nitrogen production efficiency, nitrogen absorption efficiency are high, but not between the two Significant difference.P1 treatment of phosphate fertilizer efficiency, agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer partial productivity was significantly higher than P2 P3 process. Under the experimental conditions, phosphorus in an amount of 120 kg · hm-2 (P1) are both yield and low efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus soil nitrate accumulation of phosphorus of wheat suitably applied.