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玛利·蒙台梭利(Maria Montessori1870-1952),意大利女教育家,也是国际上著名的幼儿教育家。她的教育思想和实践,对世界各国的幼儿教育产生过重大影响,其中尤以创办“幼儿之家”,建立“蒙台梭利教育法”,赢得相当大的声誉。1896年,蒙台梭利在罗马大学毕业后任该校附属医院精神病临床助理医师,由于经常与病态儿童接触,她对儿童教育逐渐发生了兴趣,并认识到特殊儿童的问题不仅是医学问题,更重要的是个教育问题。1898年,应意大利教育部长的要求,蒙台梭利创办国立精神病医疗学校,专门从事教育缺陷儿童的工作,获得巨大成功。成功之余,她沉思:缺陷儿童经过教育可以达到正常儿童的水平,为什么正常儿童就不能达到更高的水平呢?她还认为,人们的许多缺陷之所以成为永久性的遗留,主要在于他们生命最重要时期,也就是三至六岁时期,缺乏良好教育的缘故。1901年,她离开了医疗学校,决心献身于正常儿童的教育、研究工作,并着重研究三至六岁幼儿的教育问题。此后,
Maria Montessori (1870-1952), Italian female educator, is also a world-renowned preschool educator. Her educational thoughts and practices have had a significant impact on early childhood education in all countries in the world. In particular, she founded the “Children’s Home” and established the “Montessori Education Act”, gaining a considerable reputation. In 1896, Montessori became a clinical assistant psychiatrist for the University Affiliated Hospital of Rome after graduating from Rome. Gradually, she became interested in children’s education due to frequent contact with sick children and realized that the problem of special children is not only a medical problem What is important is education. In 1898, at the request of the Minister of Education of Italy, Montessori founded the National School of Psychiatry to specialize in the education of children with deficiencies and achieved great success. In her spare time, she ponders: children with defects can reach the level of normal children through education and why normal children can not reach a higher level? She also believes that many of the defects of people become permanent legacy, mainly in their lives The most important period, that is, three to six years old, lacks a good education. In 1901, she left medical school, determined to devote himself to the education and research work of normal children and focused on the education of young children aged three to six. Since then,