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前言辽宁省阜新蒙古族自治县前查干村,地处“塞北沙荒”,风沙干旱,土质瘠薄,原是一个广种薄收、农业落后的贫困村。1966年以来,该村从造林种草入手,改造生态环境,改变农业结构,改革耕作制度,逐步由广种薄收过渡到集约经营,由单一粮食种植业过渡到农林牧结合,取得了很好的生态效益与经济效益,减轻了水土流失,扭转了氮素亏损,农业生态经济系统的恶性循环开始向良性转化,初步改变贫穷落后面貌,成为辽宁西北地区农业生态建设的一个先进典型。前查干村的农业发展大体经历了三个阶段。(一) 轮荒制(1969年以前),基本特征是: 1.植被稀疏,草原破坏,水土流失严
Foreword Qianchagan Village, Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, is located in “Saibei Desert” with arid and windy soil and infertile soil. It was originally a poor village with thin income and backward agriculture. Since 1966, the village has started to reforest grass and grassland, transform the ecological environment, change the agricultural structure, and reform the farming system. It has gradually transitioned from extensive farming to intensive farming and from single grain farming to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and has achieved good ecological benefits And economic benefits, reducing soil and water loss and reversing the nitrogen loss. The vicious circle of agro-ecological economic system started to transform into a benign one, and the poverty and backwardness were initially changed. This became an advanced model of agricultural ecological construction in northwestern Liaoning. The agricultural development of Qianchagan Village has generally gone through three stages. (A) round of waste system (before 1969), the basic characteristics are: 1. Sparse vegetation, grassland destruction, soil erosion and strict