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目的:分析了制鞋厂存在职业病危害因素及其存在环节,探讨适用于职业病危害分析与控制的“危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)”。方法:对制鞋厂进行卫生学调查,对其使用的化学品以气质联用法找出职业病危害因素,根据生产环境浏定结果计算卫生评价指标和危害程度分级等客现指标,运用HACCP原理,找出职业病危害控制的关键控制点,提出科学、客观的预防控制技术。结果:该制鞋企业存在的职业病危害因素主要有苯、甲苯、二甲苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、正已烷等多种。粉尘包括矽尘、布尘和皮革尘。毒物和粉尘作业符合卫生标准,危害级别为0级,属安全作业;噪声超标的场所占22%,危害级别为Ⅰ级,属轻度危害作业。针对危害情况,从工程防护、个人防护、管理防护三方面提出危害的关键控制点实施监控。结论:危害分析与关键控制点用于鞋厂职业病防护基本有效,为预防!控制和监督工业企业职业病危害提供科学依据。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors of occupational diseases in shoe factories and its existing links, and to discuss the “Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points” (HACCP) applicable to occupational disease hazard analysis and control. Methods: Hygiene investigation was conducted on shoe factories. Occupational hazards were identified by GC / MS. The objective indicators such as health evaluation index and hazard classification were calculated according to the results of production environment, and the HACCP principle was used. Identify the key control points of occupational disease hazard control, put forward scientific and objective prevention and control technology. Results: There are many occupational hazards in shoemaking enterprises such as benzene, toluene, xylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, n-hexane and so on. Dust includes silica dust, cloth dust and leather dust. Poisonous and dusty operations comply with the hygiene standards. The hazard level is 0, which is a safe operation. 22% of the places with excessive noise levels and Grade I hazard level are mildly hazardous operations. According to the situation of danger, the key control points that put forward the harm from three aspects of engineering protection, personal protection and management and protection are monitored. Conclusion: The hazard analysis and key control points are basically effective for occupational disease prevention in shoe factories, providing a scientific basis for prevention, control and supervision of occupational hazards in industrial enterprises.