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目的分析综合性医院住院患者医院感染的临床特点,为有效预防与控制医院感染提供理论依据。方法采用前瞻性与回顾性调查相结合的方法对医院2010年1月-2012年12月出院的26 674例患者进行医院感染调查,了解其感染发生率、科室分布、部位分布、主要病原菌及危险因素;监测资料用Excel软件进行数据录入和处理,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 26 674例患者中发生医院感染492例、505例次,感染率为1.84%、例次感染率为1.89%;发生医院感染科室以ICU最高,为8.68%;医院感染部位以呼吸系统最高,占55.64%;感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占52.40%;发生医院感染的主要危险因素为年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥15d、患有慢性基础疾病和侵入性操作。结论应加强对医院感染的监测和培训,ICU要作为重点监测科室,尽量减少侵入性操作,及时进行病原菌的培养和药敏检测,合理使用抗菌药物,以减少住院患者医院感染的发生。
Objective To analyze the clinical features of nosocomial infection in inpatients in general hospitals and provide theoretical basis for effective prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods A prospective and retrospective survey was used to investigate the hospital infections of 26,674 patients who were discharged from January 2010 to December 2012. The incidence of infection, the distribution of the disease, the distribution of sites, the main pathogens, and the risks were investigated. Factors; monitoring data using Excel software for data entry and processing, using SPSS 17.0 software for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 492 cases and 505 cases of nosocomial infection in 26 674 patients. The infection rate was 1.84% and the rate of infection was 1.89%. The ICU in the hospital infection department was the highest with 8.68%; the site of nosocomial infection was the highest in the respiratory system. Accounting for 55.64%; Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens of infection, accounting for 52.40%; the main risk factors for nosocomial infection are age ≥ 60 years, hospitalization time ≥ 15 days, suffering from chronic underlying diseases and invasive operations. Conclusion The monitoring and training of nosocomial infections should be strengthened. The ICU should serve as a key monitoring department, minimize invasive procedures, promptly culture pathogens and detect drug susceptibility, and rationally use antimicrobial agents to reduce hospitalized patients’ nosocomial infections.