论文部分内容阅读
饮水加氯消毒可能产生致癌物质特别是三卤甲烷,为此曾寻找其它消毒剂。据美国科学院报告,可考虑取用的其它消毒剂只有二氧化氯和臭氧。这些消毒剂效果与氯相同,但是否比氯产生较少的有害副反应,还有待研究证实。单独投加二氧化氯,虽不致产生三卤甲烷,但能形成其它有机化合物,例如与酚和腐植质可形成醌类。这些化合物对人体健康的影响,尚不清楚。Bu11曾报告用二氧化氯消毒的俄亥俄河水的有机浓缩物对小鼠进行试验,未发现皮肤瘤发病率增高。二氧化氯及其反应产物(亚氯酸盐和氯酸盐离子)的毒性更为重要。最明显的影响是可使血红蛋白氧化成高铁血红蛋
Chlorination of drinking water may produce carcinogens, especially trihalomethanes, for which other disinfectants have been sought. According to the report of the American Academy of Sciences, other disinfectants that can be considered for use include only chlorine dioxide and ozone. These disinfectants have the same effect as chlorine, but less harmful side effects than chlorine have yet to be confirmed. Add chlorine dioxide alone, although not produce trihalomethanes, but can form other organic compounds, such as phenol and humus can form quinones. The impact of these compounds on human health is not clear. Bu11 has reported on experiments in mice with chlorine dioxide-contaminated Ohio River water organic concentrates and found no increase in the incidence of skin tumors. The toxicity of chlorine dioxide and its reaction products (chlorite and chlorate ion) is even more important. The most obvious effect is the oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin