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摘要： 英语应用能力测试主要是考查高职高专类院校非外语专业学生的英语应用能力。根据高等学校英语应用能力测试的考试内容和针对性，结合历年的全真题，总结了这一测试中阅读理解填空题的解题技巧，希望能对高职高专参加此测试的学生和从事高职高专英语教学的教师有一些帮助。
关键词： 应用能力 阅读理解 填空 技巧
英语应用能力测试（Practical English Test for Colleges，简写为PRETCO），主要是测试高职高专类院校非外语专业学生的英语应用能力，其考试内容主要以应用类试题为主，题型包括听力理解、语法结构、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。从整体上看，英语应用能力测试的难度不大，但高职高专学生的英语基础普遍较差，大部分学生要通过考试还是有些困难的，获得优秀的学生非常少。作为高职高专院校的英语教师，要帮助自己的学生在英语应用能力测试中取得较好的成绩，不仅要传授英语知识，应试技巧也是教师应向学生传授的重要内容之一。
英语应用能力测试中的阅读理解有5篇，共25题，占总分的35%。因此做好阅读理解是得分的关键。应用能力考试中的阅读理解主要有四种题型：task 1和 task 2要求考生在理解短文的基础上从每题所给的多项选择题中选择出最佳答案；task 3要求在理解短文的基础上按给定要求（字数）填空；task 4是信息匹配；task 5是简要回答问题。学生们都比较习惯于做客观题，在主观题上丢分比较多。然而阅读理解中的主观题并不难，只要掌握适当的方法，就完全能拿到这部分的分数。在这篇文章里，我主要介绍task 3填空题型的解题技巧。
一、题型特点
从历年考题来看，这一类的阅读理解主要是应用性文字材料，选材80%以上与商务有关，如广告、通知、简介、说明等。每篇有5道填空题，要求简单回答，每空不超过3个单词。通常完成填空就等于完成了文章的概要。
二、解题技巧
在做这类的阅读理解时，要先看问题，再浏览全文。做到有的放矢，准确答题。特别要注意题目中所给出的文字材料，这是答题的关键信息。这里主要总结了五种解题的技巧，具体如下：
1.最简单的是从文章中直接找出答案。
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2007年6月task 3】
NUROFEN RECOVERY （纽洛芬去痛片）
Please read these instructions carefully before you take this medicine.
Nurofen Recovery dissolves（溶解） quickly on the tongue without the need to use water.It delivers effective relief from headaches.
You should not take Nurofen Recovery if：
——you have had an allergic（过敏的）reaction to aspirin（阿司匹林）
——you have had a worsening of asthma（哮喘）when taking aspirin or similar medicines
——you are under 12 years of age
Administration：
Place a tablet on the tongue，allow it to dissolve and then swallow——no water is required.
Adults，the elderly and children of 12 years and older.
Take 2 tablets，then if necessary take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours.Do not exceed 6 tablets in 24 hours.Not suitable for children under 12 years.
Warnings：
If you take too many tablets by mistakes，contact your doctor as soon as possible.
If symptoms persist or if new symptoms occur，consult your doctor.
Possible side effects：
Stomach discomfort or pain，worsening of asthma or shortness of breath.If you experience any of these，stop taking the tablets and see your doctor.
46题Function：delivering from headaches.
做46题时先找出题目中的关键词deliver， 再到文章中去找，看有没有相同或类似的词，从文章段第二段的第二句话可以找到delivering，再看后面的内容是否跟题目一致，都有from headaches，答案就出来了effective relief，2个单词正好符合字数要求。
2.找出句子的主干内容进行答题。
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2007年6月task 3】
47 题Feature： dissolving quickly on .
我们可以用46题的方法，很容易在文章的第二段第一句找到与dissolving quickly on相同或相似的部分，答案就在后面半句“the tongue without the need to use water.”答案要求不超过3个单词，因此不可以简单地把后半句全填到答案里，哪些词是要的呢？是不是就填3个单词“the tongue without”呢？这时我们就要分析句子结构，找出句子主干部分，“Nurofen Recovery dissolves on the tongue.”“ without...”是介词短语，因此答案就是“the tongue”。
3.题目将原文转述或用同义代替，但答案仍是原文中出现的关键词语。
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2003年12月task 3】
A local telephone directory is sometimes called the White Pages.This directory provides an alphabetic listing of names and telephone numbers and other telephone reference information.The front pages usually contain information about area codes；billing；customer service； directory assistance（帮助）；local，long-distance，and international calls；time zones；rates； emergency numbers；and other items relating to telephone use.
The next section of the telephone directory typically contains the residence listings，or entries，of community residents.The third section contains business listings，or entries，of local businesses and organizations.In some less populated（人口密集的） or rural areas，the residence and business listings may be combined in one section.
Some local directories contain listings of local，state and federal（联邦的）government offices and agencies.These listings might be united into the business listing section，or they may be in a separate section of the phone book. These government listings typically are arranged by the name of the state government and then by departments or agencies.
49题Residence listings：provided in the section of the directory.
很多考生在文章的第二段第一句话就找到了答案，the next section，但是不是就填next这个词呢？这篇文章是介绍电话簿的三大组成部分，这里的the next section很显然是指第二部分，而且我们可以从第二句话the third section看到提示，应该填second。在文章中介绍时，我们可以说下一个是什么，而题目中具体问了residence listings在哪一部分，因此不能回答在下一部分，而是第二部分。
又如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2004年6月task 3】
Notice
Over the past month the Personnel Office has received numerous calls about the approval process for using the new “flex-time”（flexible-time）working schedule. In order to know how to take advantage of this system，please keep this notice in your records.
First，you must determine if you are eligible（条件合适的）to use a flex-time schedule.The flex-time system is designed for those employees whose jobs do not require them to answer telephones or to be available to the public between the hours of 8：00A.M.and 5：00 P.M.In addition，an employee must receive written permission from his or her department manager.
Then， you must submit a copy of Form FT，signed by your manager，to the Personnel Office.
The Personnel Office will notify（通知）you when approval is cleared；you may then begin your new schedule on the following Monday.
You may obtain copies of Form FT from Mary White in Room 129.If you have any questions，see your department manager-do not contact the Personnel Office directly.
Flexible Time Working Schedule
Users：employees suitable for using it
Application process：
1.get 46 and
2. 47 a copy of Form FT to the Personnel Office，and then
3.be notified by 48 .
Starting time： 49 .
Contact person if there are questions：the 50 .
这是对文章中申请过程的一个概括。不少考试在文章中很容易就找到47和48题的答案，但46题中的get一词在文章中找不到。仔细看文章的考试会发现答案在文章中第二段最后一句。receive和get是同义词，因此答案就是permission或written permission。
4.难度较大的是考察主旨大意的题，需要抓住文章大意，总结归纳后给出答案。
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2000年12月task 3】
The key to a good interview is thorough preparation.If you have prepared yourself well，the interview will most likely run smoothly and you will present yourself confidently.
As soon as you are invited to attend an interview-or，better still，before you are called - start researching facts about the company. Probably，you will have done some research before sending in your letter of application.Now you need to identify additional information，such as the number of persons the company employs，specific fields in which it is involved，work for which it is particularly well known，its major products and services，places of branch offices，and the company’s involvement in community activities.
You also need to prepare for different questions an interviewer may ask to test your readiness for the interview and the sincerity（诚意）of your application.You may be asked：
·Why do you want to join our organization？
·How do you think you can contribute to our company？
·Why do you want to leave your present employer？
·What salary do you expect？
If you have not prepared for such questions，and so hesitate before answering，an interviewer may interpret your hesitation to mean you find a question difficult to answer or there are things you would rather hide.In either case，you may provide an entirely misleading impression of yourself.
50题The purpose of preparing for an interview is to provideof yourself.
这道题目不少考生在文章的最后一句中找到an entirely misleading impression，认为就是答案。其实这道题在文章中没有直接的答案，要概括文章的中心大意。本题要求填写为面试做准备的目的是什么。
文章的第一段就提到了面试成功的关键在于充分的准备。文章最后一句中的确有个关键词impression，但最后一句的意思是如果不准备好这些问题的话，你会给别人留下不好的印象。因此，面试做准备的目的就是要留下一个好的印象，填a good impression。
5.答题时要根据字数要求、冠词、人称转换等进行相应的调整后给出答案。（注意平行句子结构，前后保持一致性）
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2002年12月task 3】
Before making a speech，we often need to make brief speaking notes.You can put them on cards no smaller than150×100mm.Write in large and bold letters that you can see at a glance，using a series of brief headings to develop the information in sufficient detail. The amount of information you include in your notes will depend on the complexity（复杂性）of the subject，your familiarity with it，and your previous speaking experience.Here are some steps for you to follow when preparing brief speaking notes.
First，you should write a summary，or an outline，of the project to be reported and the results achieved.Then an introduction follows.This includes background information and purpose of the project.Next comes discussion.In this part，what has been done，how it has been done and the results achieved should be dealt with.At the fourth step，you have two choices：one is the conclusion if the project is completed.The other is the future plan if the project is still in progress. At last，a summary should be prepared. In this part，you should give a brief summing-up，plus a question-and-answer period.
49题和50题 draw49at the end of the project，or make a
50 if the project is not finished
答案在文章的第二段的第六、七句中。 题目draw49at the end of the project，or make a50if the project is not finished是对原文one is the conclusion if the project is completed.The other is the future plan if the project is still in progress的转述。这两个句子前后结构一致，原文中conclusion和（future）plan 前都是用的定冠词。那答案是不是就是the conclusion和（future） plan了？题目的后半句“make a50...”中用了不定冠词a，答题时要根据语法对平行结构的要求将原的定冠词作相应的调整，所以49题的答案为a conclusion，50题为（future）plan.
参考文献
［1］张鸿斌.高等学校英语应用能力考试A级历年试卷与详解［Z］.北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2004.
［2］卢士伟，王立民.全国高等学校英语应用能力考试历年真题全解·A级［Z］.北京：中国电力出版社，2004.
［3］教育部高等教育司.高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求（试行）［M］.北京：高等教育出版社，2000.
［4］Tim McNamara.语言测试［M］.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003.
注：“本文中所涉及到的图表、注解、公式等内容请以PDF格式阅读原文。”
关键词： 应用能力 阅读理解 填空 技巧
英语应用能力测试（Practical English Test for Colleges，简写为PRETCO），主要是测试高职高专类院校非外语专业学生的英语应用能力，其考试内容主要以应用类试题为主，题型包括听力理解、语法结构、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。从整体上看，英语应用能力测试的难度不大，但高职高专学生的英语基础普遍较差，大部分学生要通过考试还是有些困难的，获得优秀的学生非常少。作为高职高专院校的英语教师，要帮助自己的学生在英语应用能力测试中取得较好的成绩，不仅要传授英语知识，应试技巧也是教师应向学生传授的重要内容之一。
英语应用能力测试中的阅读理解有5篇，共25题，占总分的35%。因此做好阅读理解是得分的关键。应用能力考试中的阅读理解主要有四种题型：task 1和 task 2要求考生在理解短文的基础上从每题所给的多项选择题中选择出最佳答案；task 3要求在理解短文的基础上按给定要求（字数）填空；task 4是信息匹配；task 5是简要回答问题。学生们都比较习惯于做客观题，在主观题上丢分比较多。然而阅读理解中的主观题并不难，只要掌握适当的方法，就完全能拿到这部分的分数。在这篇文章里，我主要介绍task 3填空题型的解题技巧。
一、题型特点
从历年考题来看，这一类的阅读理解主要是应用性文字材料，选材80%以上与商务有关，如广告、通知、简介、说明等。每篇有5道填空题，要求简单回答，每空不超过3个单词。通常完成填空就等于完成了文章的概要。
二、解题技巧
在做这类的阅读理解时，要先看问题，再浏览全文。做到有的放矢，准确答题。特别要注意题目中所给出的文字材料，这是答题的关键信息。这里主要总结了五种解题的技巧，具体如下：
1.最简单的是从文章中直接找出答案。
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2007年6月task 3】
NUROFEN RECOVERY （纽洛芬去痛片）
Please read these instructions carefully before you take this medicine.
Nurofen Recovery dissolves（溶解） quickly on the tongue without the need to use water.It delivers effective relief from headaches.
You should not take Nurofen Recovery if：
——you have had an allergic（过敏的）reaction to aspirin（阿司匹林）
——you have had a worsening of asthma（哮喘）when taking aspirin or similar medicines
——you are under 12 years of age
Administration：
Place a tablet on the tongue，allow it to dissolve and then swallow——no water is required.
Adults，the elderly and children of 12 years and older.
Take 2 tablets，then if necessary take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours.Do not exceed 6 tablets in 24 hours.Not suitable for children under 12 years.
Warnings：
If you take too many tablets by mistakes，contact your doctor as soon as possible.
If symptoms persist or if new symptoms occur，consult your doctor.
Possible side effects：
Stomach discomfort or pain，worsening of asthma or shortness of breath.If you experience any of these，stop taking the tablets and see your doctor.
46题Function：delivering from headaches.
做46题时先找出题目中的关键词deliver， 再到文章中去找，看有没有相同或类似的词，从文章段第二段的第二句话可以找到delivering，再看后面的内容是否跟题目一致，都有from headaches，答案就出来了effective relief，2个单词正好符合字数要求。
2.找出句子的主干内容进行答题。
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2007年6月task 3】
47 题Feature： dissolving quickly on .
我们可以用46题的方法，很容易在文章的第二段第一句找到与dissolving quickly on相同或相似的部分，答案就在后面半句“the tongue without the need to use water.”答案要求不超过3个单词，因此不可以简单地把后半句全填到答案里，哪些词是要的呢？是不是就填3个单词“the tongue without”呢？这时我们就要分析句子结构，找出句子主干部分，“Nurofen Recovery dissolves on the tongue.”“ without...”是介词短语，因此答案就是“the tongue”。
3.题目将原文转述或用同义代替，但答案仍是原文中出现的关键词语。
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2003年12月task 3】
A local telephone directory is sometimes called the White Pages.This directory provides an alphabetic listing of names and telephone numbers and other telephone reference information.The front pages usually contain information about area codes；billing；customer service； directory assistance（帮助）；local，long-distance，and international calls；time zones；rates； emergency numbers；and other items relating to telephone use.
The next section of the telephone directory typically contains the residence listings，or entries，of community residents.The third section contains business listings，or entries，of local businesses and organizations.In some less populated（人口密集的） or rural areas，the residence and business listings may be combined in one section.
Some local directories contain listings of local，state and federal（联邦的）government offices and agencies.These listings might be united into the business listing section，or they may be in a separate section of the phone book. These government listings typically are arranged by the name of the state government and then by departments or agencies.
49题Residence listings：provided in the section of the directory.
很多考生在文章的第二段第一句话就找到了答案，the next section，但是不是就填next这个词呢？这篇文章是介绍电话簿的三大组成部分，这里的the next section很显然是指第二部分，而且我们可以从第二句话the third section看到提示，应该填second。在文章中介绍时，我们可以说下一个是什么，而题目中具体问了residence listings在哪一部分，因此不能回答在下一部分，而是第二部分。
又如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2004年6月task 3】
Notice
Over the past month the Personnel Office has received numerous calls about the approval process for using the new “flex-time”（flexible-time）working schedule. In order to know how to take advantage of this system，please keep this notice in your records.
First，you must determine if you are eligible（条件合适的）to use a flex-time schedule.The flex-time system is designed for those employees whose jobs do not require them to answer telephones or to be available to the public between the hours of 8：00A.M.and 5：00 P.M.In addition，an employee must receive written permission from his or her department manager.
Then， you must submit a copy of Form FT，signed by your manager，to the Personnel Office.
The Personnel Office will notify（通知）you when approval is cleared；you may then begin your new schedule on the following Monday.
You may obtain copies of Form FT from Mary White in Room 129.If you have any questions，see your department manager-do not contact the Personnel Office directly.
Flexible Time Working Schedule
Users：employees suitable for using it
Application process：
1.get 46 and
2. 47 a copy of Form FT to the Personnel Office，and then
3.be notified by 48 .
Starting time： 49 .
Contact person if there are questions：the 50 .
这是对文章中申请过程的一个概括。不少考试在文章中很容易就找到47和48题的答案，但46题中的get一词在文章中找不到。仔细看文章的考试会发现答案在文章中第二段最后一句。receive和get是同义词，因此答案就是permission或written permission。
4.难度较大的是考察主旨大意的题，需要抓住文章大意，总结归纳后给出答案。
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2000年12月task 3】
The key to a good interview is thorough preparation.If you have prepared yourself well，the interview will most likely run smoothly and you will present yourself confidently.
As soon as you are invited to attend an interview-or，better still，before you are called - start researching facts about the company. Probably，you will have done some research before sending in your letter of application.Now you need to identify additional information，such as the number of persons the company employs，specific fields in which it is involved，work for which it is particularly well known，its major products and services，places of branch offices，and the company’s involvement in community activities.
You also need to prepare for different questions an interviewer may ask to test your readiness for the interview and the sincerity（诚意）of your application.You may be asked：
·Why do you want to join our organization？
·How do you think you can contribute to our company？
·Why do you want to leave your present employer？
·What salary do you expect？
If you have not prepared for such questions，and so hesitate before answering，an interviewer may interpret your hesitation to mean you find a question difficult to answer or there are things you would rather hide.In either case，you may provide an entirely misleading impression of yourself.
50题The purpose of preparing for an interview is to provideof yourself.
这道题目不少考生在文章的最后一句中找到an entirely misleading impression，认为就是答案。其实这道题在文章中没有直接的答案，要概括文章的中心大意。本题要求填写为面试做准备的目的是什么。
文章的第一段就提到了面试成功的关键在于充分的准备。文章最后一句中的确有个关键词impression，但最后一句的意思是如果不准备好这些问题的话，你会给别人留下不好的印象。因此，面试做准备的目的就是要留下一个好的印象，填a good impression。
5.答题时要根据字数要求、冠词、人称转换等进行相应的调整后给出答案。（注意平行句子结构，前后保持一致性）
如【高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）2002年12月task 3】
Before making a speech，we often need to make brief speaking notes.You can put them on cards no smaller than150×100mm.Write in large and bold letters that you can see at a glance，using a series of brief headings to develop the information in sufficient detail. The amount of information you include in your notes will depend on the complexity（复杂性）of the subject，your familiarity with it，and your previous speaking experience.Here are some steps for you to follow when preparing brief speaking notes.
First，you should write a summary，or an outline，of the project to be reported and the results achieved.Then an introduction follows.This includes background information and purpose of the project.Next comes discussion.In this part，what has been done，how it has been done and the results achieved should be dealt with.At the fourth step，you have two choices：one is the conclusion if the project is completed.The other is the future plan if the project is still in progress. At last，a summary should be prepared. In this part，you should give a brief summing-up，plus a question-and-answer period.
49题和50题 draw49at the end of the project，or make a
50 if the project is not finished
答案在文章的第二段的第六、七句中。 题目draw49at the end of the project，or make a50if the project is not finished是对原文one is the conclusion if the project is completed.The other is the future plan if the project is still in progress的转述。这两个句子前后结构一致，原文中conclusion和（future）plan 前都是用的定冠词。那答案是不是就是the conclusion和（future） plan了？题目的后半句“make a50...”中用了不定冠词a，答题时要根据语法对平行结构的要求将原的定冠词作相应的调整，所以49题的答案为a conclusion，50题为（future）plan.
参考文献
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