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在一中年妇女病人选择组里,其输尿管下段结石可从阴道挤入膀胱。输尿管下段结石从阴道挤进膀胱既容易又安全,对经不起外科手术的病人是值得推荐的。在输尿管末端3～4厘米处嵌顿结石的外科处理是有问题的。经内窥镜使用网篮或圈索套石术的技术仅有65～90％的成功率。经腹部手术无论是经后腹膜或经腹膜腔,或是经膀胱,均有它们的困难和合并症,特别是在肥胖的病人或过去做过盆腔手术的患者。1879年Emmet曾叙述对输尿管下段外科手术经
In a middle-aged women’s patient selection group, the lower ureter stones can be squeezed into the bladder from the vagina. Lower ureteral stones into the bladder from the vagina is easy and safe, for patients who can not afford surgery is recommended. Surgical management of incarcerated stones 3 to 4 cm distal to the ureter is problematic. The endoscopic use of basket or lasso sets of stone technology only 65% to 90% success rate. Transabdominal surgery, whether retroperitoneal or peritoneal, or transvesical, has its own difficulties and complications, especially in obese patients or those who have undergone pelvic surgery in the past. In 1879 Emmet described the surgical procedure of the lower ureter