论文部分内容阅读
进入21世纪,在应对诸多挑战的同时,中国也面临着极其难得的生态环境建设、补偿生态赤字的历史性机遇,使中国有条件进入环境保护时代。(一)我国经济发展已经进入到大规模结构调整的关键时期,也是大幅度压缩高能耗、多污染传统产业的有利时机当前不仅社会总需求不足,而且经济传统结构矛盾日益突出,这主要表现为:传统的低附加值、高能耗、高污染的工业产品占世界总量比重大,例如1997年我国水泥产量已占世界总量的33.9%,相当于美国水泥产量的5.4倍,煤产量占世界总量的28.8%,钢产量占15.5%,已出现大量过剩,而高附加价值、市场需求旺盛的高新技术产品供给不足,例如1997年我国个人电脑数量仅为世界总量的1.73%,每千人联网户主数仅为0.02,而美国为35.21,日本为6.28,韩国为10.6,香港地区为13.3,台湾省为11.8;相当多的企业技术落后,创新能力不足,市场份额日益萎缩、长期亏损严重,又不能退出生产领域,而新兴产业、高新技术企业大量缺乏资金、缺乏人
Entering the 21st century, while facing many challenges, China is also facing an extremely rare ecological environment construction and a historic opportunity to make up for the ecological deficit, enabling China to enter conditions of environmental protection with conditions. (1) China’s economic development has entered a critical period of large-scale structural readjustment and is also a favorable opportunity for drastically reducing the energy consumption and polluting traditional industries. At present, not only is the total social demand insufficient, but the contradictions between the traditional economic structures have become increasingly prominent, which are mainly manifested as : Traditional low-value-added, high-energy consumption and high-pollution industrial products account for a large proportion of the world’s total. For example, China’s cement output accounted for 33.9% of the world’s total in 1997, equivalent to 5.4 times the U.S. cement output and coal output accounting for the world’s total 28.8% of the total volume and 15.5% of the steel output have been overstocked. However, high-tech products with high added value and strong market demand have been under-supplied. For example, the number of personal computers in China was only 1.73% of the world’s total in 1997, The number of connected households is only 0.02, while that of the United States is 35.21, that of Japan is 6.28, that of Korea is 10.6, that of Hong Kong is 13.3, and that of Taiwan is 11.8. A considerable number of enterprises are outdated in technology and lack innovation capacity, and their market share is declining. , But also can not exit the production area, while a large number of emerging industries, high-tech enterprises lack of funds, the lack of people