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花生(Arachis hypogaea)是重要的油料和经济作物,但其遗传基础狭窄、多样性差,通过杂交育种手段选育有突破性的花生新品种越来越困难。为了丰富花生遗传资源,开拓新的育种方法,本论文对快中子辐照诱变结合组织培养创造花生新种质进行了研究。以花生品种鲁花11号干种子为试材,进行快中子辐照处理后,取种子胚小叶进行培养,诱导体细胞胚的形成和植株再生。再生苗经无菌嫁接后移栽田间,后代按系谱法进行选育,并育成花生新品种宇花5号。宇花5号高产、早熟、抗倒伏、适合机械化收获,2015年通过辽宁省非主要农作物品种认定,比对照品种白沙17平均增产15.03%。研究结果说明,辐照诱变结合组织培养是创造花生新种质、培育新品种的有效方法;通过此种方法培育出了早熟抗倒伏适合机械化收获的花生品种——宇花5号。
Arachis hypogaea is an important oilseed and economic crop, but its genetic basis is narrow and its diversity is poor. It is more and more difficult to breed new breakthrough peanut varieties through crossbreeding. In order to enrich the genetic resources of peanut and develop new methods of breeding, this paper studied the new germplasm of peanut by mutagenesis combined with tissue culture. Taking Luhua No.11 dry seeds of peanut variety Luhua No.11 as test material, the seedlings were treated with fast neutron irradiation and then cultured with seed embryo lobules to induce the formation of somatic embryos and plant regeneration. The regenerated seedlings were transplanted in the field after aseptic grafting. The offspring was bred by genealogy method and bred Yuhua No.5, a new peanut variety. Yuhua No.5 was high yielding, early maturing and lodging resistant, suitable for mechanized harvest. In 2015, non-major crop varieties in Liaoning Province were determined to be 15.03% more than the control variety Baisha17. The results showed that irradiation mutagenesis combined with tissue culture is an effective way to create new germplasm and cultivate new varieties of peanut. Through this method, Yuhua No.5, a peanut variety suitable for mechanized harvesting was developed.