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目的了解北京市高校学生乙型肝炎的流行状况及相关知识掌握情况,为今后开展高校传染病知识健康教育提供参考。方法按照学校自愿参加的原则,选择北京市10所高校,于2012年9月至2013年4月对自愿参加的10 129名学生进行问卷调查,并采集静脉血5 m L,用ELASA方法进行血清HBs Ag及抗-HBs检测,得到有效问卷和血清学标本10 012份。结果北京市高校学生HBs Ag阳性率为2.1%,男生(3.2%)高于女生(1.5%),生源地为北京(0.4%)的学生低于外省市(3.0%)的学生,接种过乙肝疫苗(1.8%)的低于未接种过的(5.4%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为33.9,61.5,50.8,P值均<0.01);抗-HBs阳性率为60.2%,北京生源学生(46.8%)低于外省市学生(66.6%),接种过疫苗(62.5%)的高于未接种的(42.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为327.0,76.9,P值均<0.01)。乙肝疫苗的接种率为86.5%,63.9%的学生不记得接种针数。乙肝知识水平的平均得分为(65.2±22.9)分;乙肝知识的获取途径以课堂、讲座,网络,海报、宣传单为主。结论北京市高校学生HBs Ag阳性率低于全国人群平均水平,抗-HBs水平偏低,对乙肝相关知识的掌握程度偏低。应加强对高校学生乙肝知识的健康教育,提高疫苗接种率。
Objective To understand the prevalence and related knowledge of hepatitis B among university students in Beijing and to provide reference for future knowledge and health education of infectious diseases in universities. Methods According to the principle of voluntarily participating in schools, 10 universities in Beijing were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 10 129 students who volunteered to participate in the questionnaire survey from September 2012 to April 2013, 5 ml of venous blood was collected and serum was collected by ELASA HBsAg and anti-HBs test, valid questionnaires and serological samples obtained 10 012 copies. Results The positive rate of HBs Ag in university students in Beijing was 2.1%, that of boys (3.2%) was higher than that of girls (1.5%), that of Beijing (0.4%) was lower than that of other provinces (3.0%), Hepatitis B vaccine (1.8%) was lower than the non-vaccinated (5.4%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 values were 33.9,61.5,50.8, P values were <0.01); anti-HBs positive rate was 60.2% (46.8%) in Beijing were lower than those in other provinces (66.6%), those inoculated with vaccine (62.5%) were higher than those in non-vaccination (42.8%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 values were 327.0 and 76.9 , P <0.01). Hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate was 86.5%, 63.9% of students do not remember the number of vaccination. The average score of knowledge level of hepatitis B was (65.2 ± 22.9) points. The access to knowledge of hepatitis B was mainly in classrooms, lectures, networks, posters and leaflets. Conclusions The positive rate of HBsAg in college students in Beijing is lower than the average level in the whole country, the level of anti-HBs is low, and the mastery of HBsAg is low. Health education should be strengthened for hepatitis B knowledge of college students and the vaccination rate should be raised.