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目的了解云南省血吸虫病流行区钉螺分布和感染状况,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法在全省18个血吸虫病流行县(市、区)各选择1个疫情较重的行政村作为血吸虫病螺情监测点。采用系统抽样与环境抽样相结合的方法进行螺情调查,对捕获的钉螺用压碎镜检法和环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)检测其血吸虫感染情况。建立螺情监测数据库,并进行描述性分析。结果18个监测点共调查总面积1 826.55 hm~2,查出有螺面积55.03 hm~2,较2013年和2014年分别下降了57.70%和40.63%。无新发现有螺环境;未查见血吸虫感染性钉螺。共设调查框718 532框,有螺框出现率0.45%,活螺平均密度0.013 9只/0.1 m~2。传播控制地区的有螺面积和活螺平均密度均最高,主要分布在水田、沟渠、滩地、塘堰、旱地等环境和水稻、旱地作物、杂草、树林等植被中。监测点有螺面积、有螺框出现率、捕获总螺数、捕获活螺数等指标呈逐年下降趋势,已连续3年未查出感染性钉螺。结论云南省监测点钉螺已得到有效控制,但仍需加强综合灭螺措施。
Objective To understand snail distribution and infection status in endemic areas of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province, and to provide evidence for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods A total of 18 schistosomiasis endemic counties (cities, districts) were selected as the surveillance sites for schistosomiasis in the selected administrative villages with severe epidemic situation. The snail investigation was carried out by a combination of systematic sampling and environmental sampling. The captured snails were examined for their schistosomiasis infection by crush microscopy and ring-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Establish a snail monitoring database and conduct a descriptive analysis. Results A total area of 1826.55 hm ~ 2 was surveyed at 18 monitoring sites, 55.01 hm ~ 2 was found, decreasing by 57.70% and 40.63% respectively over 2013 and 2014. No newly found spirulina; not found Schistosoma infectivity snail. There was a total of 718,532 boxes of investigation box, with a screw frame occurrence rate of 0.45% and an average density of live snails of 0.013 9 /0.1m ~ 2. Spreading area and snail average density are the highest in the areas under the control of propagation. They are mainly distributed in the fields such as paddy fields, ditches, beaches, ponds and weeds, drylands and other vegetation and rice, dry land crops, weeds and woods. Monitoring points have spiral area, the rate of occurrence of screw frame, capture the total number of spiral, capture the number of live spiral and other indicators showed a declining trend for three consecutive years did not detect infectious snails. Conclusion Snail snails have been effectively controlled at Yunnan monitoring sites, but comprehensive snail control measures still need to be strengthened.