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综合补给舰是一种可在海上航行或停泊中为已方舰艇提供燃料、淡水、食品等消耗品和鱼雷、水雷、炮弹、导弹等武器的后勤保障舰只。作战舰艇可通过航行补给延长活动半径,提高在航率,增加海上活动时间,避免了对固定基地的过分依赖。综合补给舰强大的舰队支援能力受到许多海军重视,起初只是美国、前苏联等具有远洋作战使命的海军强国发展这种后勤保障舰只,随后法国、意大利、荷兰、德国等海军也开始纷纷仿效发展,一些没有设计建造能力的中小国家则向国外订购,以便使本国海军的海上航行、作战能力能有一个大幅度的提高。可以说,补给舰性能的高低、数量的多寡是衡量一国海军是否具备真正远洋作战能力的重要标志之一。中国和日本作为亚洲最具影响力的两个国家,其海上力量在20世纪90年代后都进入了新一轮的快速发展时期,在两国新型作战舰艇陆续服役的同时,在后勤保障舰只方面同样加快了研制速度。20世纪末,两国最新研制的第三代综合补给舰先后开工建造, 2004年前后投入使用,从而使两国服役的新型舰艇拥有了更为强大的远洋保障能力,对双方远洋作战都将发挥极为重要的作用。本文根据公开资料,对中、日两国补给舰的研制情况作一介绍,并对两国最新型综合补给舰的性能进行比较。
An integrated supply ship is a logistics support vessel capable of supplying fuel, fresh water, food and other consumables and torpedoes, mines, artillery shells, missiles and other weapons to the warship during sea voyage or mooring. Combat ships can be extended by navigating supplies to extend the radius of activity, increase the navigation rate, increase the time of maritime activities, to avoid over-reliance on a fixed base. The capability of the comprehensive supply ship to support the fleet was valued by many navies. At first it was only the naval power that has the mission of the ocean and the United States such as the United States and the Soviet Union to develop such logistical support ships. Subsequently, the navies of France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany began to follow the example of development. Some small and medium-sized countries that have not designed and built capacity have ordered from abroad to make their navies march and combat capability greatly enhanced. It can be said that the performance of supply ships, the amount of quantity is one of the important indicators to measure whether a navy has a true capability of ocean-going operations. As the two most influential Asian countries, China and Japan have both entered a new period of rapid development after the 1990s. As new combat ships in the two countries continue to serve and at the same time, China and Japan, in terms of logistics support ships Also speed up the development speed. At the end of the 20th century, the third-generation comprehensive supply ship newly developed by the two countries started construction one after the other and was put into operation around 2004 so as to enable the two new warships to serve more powerful ocean-going navigational capabilities and to play extremely important roles in both ocean-going operations Important role. Based on the public information, this paper introduces the research on the development of China and Japan’s supply ships, and compares the performance of the latest type of comprehensive supply ships in the two countries.