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1683年,清朝为驱逐入侵黑龙江流域的哥萨克,设立黑龙江驻防,为其配备大批火炮。截至1688年,黑龙江驻防有炮248位,得以在冲突中占据上风。清朝与俄国划定边界后,仍在黑龙江维持一支可观的炮兵力量,不仅调整火炮种类,还设立一套包括操演、维修、更换的制度。依据满、汉文档案,考察1683—1860年黑龙江驻防的火炮种类,以及由盛转衰的过程。
In 1683, the Qing dynasty was stationed in Heilongjiang to defuse Cossacks who intruded into the Heilongjiang River Basin, and equipped them with a large number of artillery pieces. As of 1688, 248 garrisons were stationed in Heilongjiang, gaining the upper hand in the conflict. After the border between the Qing Dynasty and Russia was demarcated, a considerable artillery force was still maintained in Heilongjiang Province. Not only the types of artillery were adjusted, but also a system of exercises, maintenance and replacement was set up. Based on Manchurian and Chinese documents, the types of artillery stationed in Heilongjiang Province during 1683-1860, as well as the course from decline to prosperity were examined.