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补全短文这一题型是实行新课标改革后开始出现的高考新题型。
这个题是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项。其中有两个选项为多余选项，所以该题型又被称为七选五。
这个题型不仅要求考生具备词汇，句子，语段，语篇等方面的知识，而且还要求考生要有能在上下文中运用预测、判断、联系、辨证、综合、分析、归纳等方面的逻辑思维能力。
该题型选用的文章多为篇章的连续性和逻辑性很强的说明文。因此我一般建议我的学生在做这种题型时基本上要分两个步骤来解题：
第一步：通读全文和七个选项。
要求：1. 在通读全文的时候要了解文章的主旨大意。
2. 与此同时还需要把握文章写作结构、理清层次。
例如，下面这篇文章（A），就是一种最常见的说明文写作结构——总分结构。文章的第一段是全文主旨的总述，之后的四段每段都各有一个独立的主题。而各段的第一句话则是该段的中心句，即每段都也采用了总分的写作结构。那么第31、32和35题都可以利用总分关系来解题。即通过后面整段文字的中心大意来反推出该段的总起句的内容应该是什么。
（A）
It’s not so easy to disagree with your parents .Here are a few quick tips on how to show your opinion in the right way ：
31 Don’t let angry words fly out of your mouth if you don’t really want to say them，or you will have a lot of to do later.
32 How would you feel if you were your mother or father ？Why do they do that？ It’s really bad？ Try to stay calm. If you find yourself getting too angry， ask for some time to be alone. 33
Learn to listen. Maybe your parents aren’t as persuasive as you think. 34 Pay attention to needs rather that you want to discuss the problem with them rather than working against them.
35 Tell your parents that you want to discuss the problem with them rather than working against them.
A.Think brfore you speak.
B.Never lisyen to your parents.
C.Think about the problem from you parents’ point of view.
D.It’s quite common to disagree with one’s parents.
E.Hear them out and then decide hoe to deal with the problem.
F.Be clear about what you need ，rather than focusing on why you disagree .
G.If you can，try to discuss the problem with your parents at another time.
（答案：） ACGEF
第二步：细读设空处的前后的文字。
在这个时候，还是要分两种情况来定。
仍然用刚才的那篇补全短文（A）做例子。
1. 第31、32和35题都可以利用总分关系来解题。即通过细读后面整段文字的中心大意来反推出该段的总起句的内容应该是什么。
2. 至于第33题和34题则可以让学生往往只需要通过阅读设空处的前后句就能够确定答案。
其实我们可以把补全短文这个新题型看成是完形填空的一个袖珍版，那么逻辑推理能力的恰当的运用要比让学生反复重复使用阅读理解能力有用的多、省时、省力的多。
所以除了以上介绍的两个基本解题步骤以外，在此我给大家介绍两个通过逻辑推理能力而不是阅读文字来解题的方法：
1. 利用句式结构来解题
这个方法可以分纵向和横向句式结构解题方法。
（1）纵向句式结构解题方法：
比如还是以短文（A）为例。第31、32、35题都是每段的总述句。那么它们的句式结构应该和第4段的第一句，该段的总述句的句式结构相似，即“Learn to listen”。也就是说应该是短小精悍的祈使句，那么浏览七个选项符合该要求的有A、B、C和F四项，再看一下B项的内容与第四段有关联可是表意却和该段的第一句“Learn to listen.”完全相左，那么可以删去。最终A、C、F分别为31、32和35题的正确答案，这种方法是纵向比较句式结构。
（2）横向句式结构解题方法：
至于横向比较句式结构是指在设空的上下文直接找出句式上的重复。例如下面这个选段（B），在设空前连续使用“They can do……”这个句式，则在下面七个选项中自然很快既可圈定答案为A。 （B）
Pocket money can give children a chance to experience three things they can do with the money. They can spend it by giving it to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. 75 Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifics.Saving can also open the door to future saving and investing for children.
A. They can save it for future use.
B. Timing is another consideration.
C. However，some experts don’t agree since helping at home is natural.
D. Some are not good at managing their pocket money.
E. Learning how to get money is very important for every child.
F. One main purpose is to let kids learn how to manage their own money.
G. By doing so，these children will learn that spending must be done with a budget.
（答案：） A
2.利用关键词解题
这个技巧中所找的关键词有很多种类型。例如最常见的是中心词的重现，又或者是表示并列、转折、因果等关系的连词、副词。
我今天想谈的是代词。一门语言的入门第一关一般都是代词。没有掌握代词，就无法进行正确的表意。它和名词之间的指代正是我们推理能力的体现。这也就是为什么在初中阶段的阅读理解的设题里经常会有这样的问题出现：“What does the underlined word ‘it’ mean？”它实际上就是在训练学生寻找代词和它所指代的名词之间的关系的逻辑推理能力。
代词分很多种，作为该方法的入门，应该先从人称代词主格开始对学生进行训练。在基本掌握这种代词后，再慢慢渗透其他代词的应用。
那么下面先以短文（C）为例，看看具体怎么运用代词来解题。
第一步：圈出设空处前一句和后一句中的句子主语（注：如果没有前一句或者后一句就只圈出一个主语。）
即：They 71 Others
One of the most famous volunteers72She
more and more teenagers73They
74They
You75 someone
第二步：圈出七个选项中每一句的主语。
即：A. Volunteering abroad B. you C. They
D. All volunteers E. Volunteer work F. Some G. She
第三步：找出选项和设空位置人称相同的极为该处的答案。（注：不一定非要保证前后句子的人称和空上缺的句子的人称完全一致，有一句一致即可。）
即：G选项为第三人称单数阴性所有设空处只有72空后出现过这种人称，则可确定次空的答案；
同理75空的答案为B；
至于73和74空都在使用第三人称复数，那么选项C和选项D则可以圈定为这两空的答案。至于怎么确定哪个是哪个，我们可以利用代词的基本语法用途——替代前文中出现过的名词。这么一看答案就明了了，因为73空前一句是名词做主语，后一句则是代词做主语，所以73题应选择选项C。至于74题为该段的起始句没有任何名词出现，则该空的主语应该是名词，即选项D；
最后的71空的答案的圈定，我们要使用的是不定代词的基本用法，即不定代词others或者是other、the other出现的时候前面一定会有另一个不定代词出现，即我们所谓的“双胞胎现象”，那么这个空的答案就是选项F。
（C）V
In every country， there are thousands of people who want to help out. Many join organizations run by their governments， for example， the Peace Corps in the United States and Voluntary Service Overseas in Britain. Since the powerful earthquake took place in Sichuan， more than 200，000 volunteers across China have been helping there！ They do all kinds of work or come up with ways to help improve people’s living conditions. 71Others have no qualifications， but they love to work hard to help. One of the most famous volunteers in the world was Mother Teresa. 72She helped the homeless， cared for the sick， gave out food， and became the mother of those without families.
Now more and more teenagers actively look for volunteering opportunities， too. 73They also like the idea of being helpful to others， even if it is just handing out books for the teacher. As they get older， these reasons are still the same， but there are other important reasons for volunteering such as learning on-the-job， getting work experience， and improving their social life.
74They might read books to the blind， fix up broken homes， find ways to get water for villages. Could you be a volunteer？75 There is someone in the world who needs you.
A.Volunteering abroad is an opportunity of a lifetime.
B.What kind of volunteer work could you do？
C.They volunteer because they think it will be fun or they will learn something.
D.All volunteers bring joy to the people they help in so many ways.
E.Volunteer work is not a performance.
F.Some offer their professional skills for free.
G.She could be the best volunteer because she gave her life to helping the poorest people of Calcutta
最后我想以2011乌鲁木齐地区高三年级第一次诊断性测验卷中的补全短文为例，分析看看如何运用以上的解题思路来完成该题的解答。
2011乌鲁木齐地区高三年级第一次诊断性测验卷
“The teenage years should be the best years of your life！”
71 They simply don’t feel like they’re in the mist of their “best years.” The pressures of school exams and concerns about relationships with family and friends create a great deal of stress for the average teenager. Many find ways to cope with the stress. But for a large number of teens， their problems seem impossible to deal with. When this happens， the young person may fall into depression.
A look at the numbers
How common is the problem？ Yeh Chingchuan， former chief executive of the John Tung Foundation， estimates that 10 to 40 percent of Taiwan’s young people suffer from depression. In mainland China， a survey found that 16 percent of college students suffered from fear， anxiety or depression. 72 She helped the homeless， cared for the sick， gave out food， and became the mother of those without families.
Now more and more teenagers actively look for volunteering opportunities， too. 73
This growing trend extends beyond Asia， too. Studies in the U.S. and the U.K. show that teenage depression is on the rise. A report， in the 2000s， stated that emotional problems among Britain’s youth have increased by 70 percent over the past 25 years.
这个题是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项。其中有两个选项为多余选项，所以该题型又被称为七选五。
这个题型不仅要求考生具备词汇，句子，语段，语篇等方面的知识，而且还要求考生要有能在上下文中运用预测、判断、联系、辨证、综合、分析、归纳等方面的逻辑思维能力。
该题型选用的文章多为篇章的连续性和逻辑性很强的说明文。因此我一般建议我的学生在做这种题型时基本上要分两个步骤来解题：
第一步：通读全文和七个选项。
要求：1. 在通读全文的时候要了解文章的主旨大意。
2. 与此同时还需要把握文章写作结构、理清层次。
例如，下面这篇文章（A），就是一种最常见的说明文写作结构——总分结构。文章的第一段是全文主旨的总述，之后的四段每段都各有一个独立的主题。而各段的第一句话则是该段的中心句，即每段都也采用了总分的写作结构。那么第31、32和35题都可以利用总分关系来解题。即通过后面整段文字的中心大意来反推出该段的总起句的内容应该是什么。
（A）
It’s not so easy to disagree with your parents .Here are a few quick tips on how to show your opinion in the right way ：
31 Don’t let angry words fly out of your mouth if you don’t really want to say them，or you will have a lot of to do later.
32 How would you feel if you were your mother or father ？Why do they do that？ It’s really bad？ Try to stay calm. If you find yourself getting too angry， ask for some time to be alone. 33
Learn to listen. Maybe your parents aren’t as persuasive as you think. 34 Pay attention to needs rather that you want to discuss the problem with them rather than working against them.
35 Tell your parents that you want to discuss the problem with them rather than working against them.
A.Think brfore you speak.
B.Never lisyen to your parents.
C.Think about the problem from you parents’ point of view.
D.It’s quite common to disagree with one’s parents.
E.Hear them out and then decide hoe to deal with the problem.
F.Be clear about what you need ，rather than focusing on why you disagree .
G.If you can，try to discuss the problem with your parents at another time.
（答案：） ACGEF
第二步：细读设空处的前后的文字。
在这个时候，还是要分两种情况来定。
仍然用刚才的那篇补全短文（A）做例子。
1. 第31、32和35题都可以利用总分关系来解题。即通过细读后面整段文字的中心大意来反推出该段的总起句的内容应该是什么。
2. 至于第33题和34题则可以让学生往往只需要通过阅读设空处的前后句就能够确定答案。
其实我们可以把补全短文这个新题型看成是完形填空的一个袖珍版，那么逻辑推理能力的恰当的运用要比让学生反复重复使用阅读理解能力有用的多、省时、省力的多。
所以除了以上介绍的两个基本解题步骤以外，在此我给大家介绍两个通过逻辑推理能力而不是阅读文字来解题的方法：
1. 利用句式结构来解题
这个方法可以分纵向和横向句式结构解题方法。
（1）纵向句式结构解题方法：
比如还是以短文（A）为例。第31、32、35题都是每段的总述句。那么它们的句式结构应该和第4段的第一句，该段的总述句的句式结构相似，即“Learn to listen”。也就是说应该是短小精悍的祈使句，那么浏览七个选项符合该要求的有A、B、C和F四项，再看一下B项的内容与第四段有关联可是表意却和该段的第一句“Learn to listen.”完全相左，那么可以删去。最终A、C、F分别为31、32和35题的正确答案，这种方法是纵向比较句式结构。
（2）横向句式结构解题方法：
至于横向比较句式结构是指在设空的上下文直接找出句式上的重复。例如下面这个选段（B），在设空前连续使用“They can do……”这个句式，则在下面七个选项中自然很快既可圈定答案为A。 （B）
Pocket money can give children a chance to experience three things they can do with the money. They can spend it by giving it to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. 75 Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifics.Saving can also open the door to future saving and investing for children.
A. They can save it for future use.
B. Timing is another consideration.
C. However，some experts don’t agree since helping at home is natural.
D. Some are not good at managing their pocket money.
E. Learning how to get money is very important for every child.
F. One main purpose is to let kids learn how to manage their own money.
G. By doing so，these children will learn that spending must be done with a budget.
（答案：） A
2.利用关键词解题
这个技巧中所找的关键词有很多种类型。例如最常见的是中心词的重现，又或者是表示并列、转折、因果等关系的连词、副词。
我今天想谈的是代词。一门语言的入门第一关一般都是代词。没有掌握代词，就无法进行正确的表意。它和名词之间的指代正是我们推理能力的体现。这也就是为什么在初中阶段的阅读理解的设题里经常会有这样的问题出现：“What does the underlined word ‘it’ mean？”它实际上就是在训练学生寻找代词和它所指代的名词之间的关系的逻辑推理能力。
代词分很多种，作为该方法的入门，应该先从人称代词主格开始对学生进行训练。在基本掌握这种代词后，再慢慢渗透其他代词的应用。
那么下面先以短文（C）为例，看看具体怎么运用代词来解题。
第一步：圈出设空处前一句和后一句中的句子主语（注：如果没有前一句或者后一句就只圈出一个主语。）
即：They 71 Others
One of the most famous volunteers72She
more and more teenagers73They
74They
You75 someone
第二步：圈出七个选项中每一句的主语。
即：A. Volunteering abroad B. you C. They
D. All volunteers E. Volunteer work F. Some G. She
第三步：找出选项和设空位置人称相同的极为该处的答案。（注：不一定非要保证前后句子的人称和空上缺的句子的人称完全一致，有一句一致即可。）
即：G选项为第三人称单数阴性所有设空处只有72空后出现过这种人称，则可确定次空的答案；
同理75空的答案为B；
至于73和74空都在使用第三人称复数，那么选项C和选项D则可以圈定为这两空的答案。至于怎么确定哪个是哪个，我们可以利用代词的基本语法用途——替代前文中出现过的名词。这么一看答案就明了了，因为73空前一句是名词做主语，后一句则是代词做主语，所以73题应选择选项C。至于74题为该段的起始句没有任何名词出现，则该空的主语应该是名词，即选项D；
最后的71空的答案的圈定，我们要使用的是不定代词的基本用法，即不定代词others或者是other、the other出现的时候前面一定会有另一个不定代词出现，即我们所谓的“双胞胎现象”，那么这个空的答案就是选项F。
（C）V
In every country， there are thousands of people who want to help out. Many join organizations run by their governments， for example， the Peace Corps in the United States and Voluntary Service Overseas in Britain. Since the powerful earthquake took place in Sichuan， more than 200，000 volunteers across China have been helping there！ They do all kinds of work or come up with ways to help improve people’s living conditions. 71Others have no qualifications， but they love to work hard to help. One of the most famous volunteers in the world was Mother Teresa. 72She helped the homeless， cared for the sick， gave out food， and became the mother of those without families.
Now more and more teenagers actively look for volunteering opportunities， too. 73They also like the idea of being helpful to others， even if it is just handing out books for the teacher. As they get older， these reasons are still the same， but there are other important reasons for volunteering such as learning on-the-job， getting work experience， and improving their social life.
74They might read books to the blind， fix up broken homes， find ways to get water for villages. Could you be a volunteer？75 There is someone in the world who needs you.
A.Volunteering abroad is an opportunity of a lifetime.
B.What kind of volunteer work could you do？
C.They volunteer because they think it will be fun or they will learn something.
D.All volunteers bring joy to the people they help in so many ways.
E.Volunteer work is not a performance.
F.Some offer their professional skills for free.
G.She could be the best volunteer because she gave her life to helping the poorest people of Calcutta
最后我想以2011乌鲁木齐地区高三年级第一次诊断性测验卷中的补全短文为例，分析看看如何运用以上的解题思路来完成该题的解答。
2011乌鲁木齐地区高三年级第一次诊断性测验卷
“The teenage years should be the best years of your life！”
71 They simply don’t feel like they’re in the mist of their “best years.” The pressures of school exams and concerns about relationships with family and friends create a great deal of stress for the average teenager. Many find ways to cope with the stress. But for a large number of teens， their problems seem impossible to deal with. When this happens， the young person may fall into depression.
A look at the numbers
How common is the problem？ Yeh Chingchuan， former chief executive of the John Tung Foundation， estimates that 10 to 40 percent of Taiwan’s young people suffer from depression. In mainland China， a survey found that 16 percent of college students suffered from fear， anxiety or depression. 72 She helped the homeless， cared for the sick， gave out food， and became the mother of those without families.
Now more and more teenagers actively look for volunteering opportunities， too. 73
This growing trend extends beyond Asia， too. Studies in the U.S. and the U.K. show that teenage depression is on the rise. A report， in the 2000s， stated that emotional problems among Britain’s youth have increased by 70 percent over the past 25 years.