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由于复合材料具有组成多元、各向异性等特点,电热载荷作用下碳纤维复合材料内部的响应行为十分复杂。为了研究碳纤维复合材料的电热响应,首先采用自制电热损伤试验平台,测试了不同电流强度下碳纤维复丝试样的表面温度分布,获得了碳纤维复丝电阻随温度的变化规律,初步揭示了碳纤维复丝具有温敏效应。然后,考察了不同电流处理条件下碳纤维复丝拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和拉伸模量的变化规律,并运用SEM和FTIR对电流处理前后材料的形貌和微观结构变化进行了分析。研究结果表明:纤维在通电过程中的产热效应促进了基体的进一步固化,同时提高了复丝界面的粘结性能;然而,当电流强度过大时,复丝的拉伸强度会因纤维本体的损伤或基体及界面层的烧蚀破坏而降低,从而降低了碳纤维复合材料的性能。
Due to its multi-component and anisotropic characteristics, the response behavior of carbon fiber composite under electric heating load is very complex. In order to study the electrothermal response of carbon fiber composites, the surface temperature distribution of carbon fiber multifilament samples at different current intensities was tested by using a homemade electrothermal damage test platform. The variation of resistance of carbon fiber multifilament with temperature was obtained. The carbon fiber composite Silk has a thermo-sensitive effect. Then, the changes of tensile strength, elongation at break and tensile modulus of carbon fiber multifilament under different current treatments were investigated. The morphology and microstructure of the material before and after the current treatment were analyzed by SEM and FTIR. The results show that the heat-generating effect of fibers during the electrification process can promote the further solidification of the matrix and improve the bonding properties of the multifilament interface. However, when the amperage is too large, Damage or erosion of the substrate and the interface layer to reduce the destruction, thereby reducing the performance of carbon fiber composites.