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冬春季节培育出蔬菜壮苗是实现早春及露地菜丰产的前提和关键。为此,在育苗过程中应注意以下问题:1,蔬菜壮苗的标淮。蔬菜壮苗应具备以下特征:株型紧凑,茎粗壮。节间短,叶片厚而舒展,叶色浓绿鲜亮,根系发达,侧根和根毛多,无病虫害,苗龄适宜。这样的苗子定植后缓苗快,发育良好,生长协调,易于获得高产。2,种子消毒和防治苗期病害。种子消毒的方法有:①用6倍干种子量的52～55℃的温水泡种,搅拌降温,至30℃时继续常规浸种。可以用于防治苗期猝倒病、立枯病、茄子褐纹病、瓜类炭疽病、蕃茄早疫病多种病害;②用50%的多菌灵1000倍溶液浸种1小时,或用福尔马林(甲醛)10倍液浸种20分钟,可以防治黄瓜枯萎病、炭疽病,蕃茄灰霉病,早疫病、瓜类霜霉病等多种真菌性病害;③用10%的磷酸三钠或1%的高锰酸钾浸种20～30分钟,可预防蔬菜的病毒病;④用硫酸铜100倍液浸种5分钟,可防治辣椒
Cultivating strong seedlings of vegetables in winter and spring is the prerequisite and key to achieving high yield in early spring and open-field vegetables. To this end, in the process of nursery should pay attention to the following questions: 1, vegetable seedlings standard Huai. Strong seedlings should have the following characteristics: Plant compact, thick stems. Short internodes, thick leaves and stretch, leaf color dark green, well-developed roots, lateral roots and hair more, no pests and diseases, suitable age. This seedling Huanmiao rapid colonization, well-developed, coordinated growth, easy to get high yield. 2, seed disinfection and control of seedling disease. Seed disinfection methods are: ① with 6 times the amount of dry seeds 52 ~ 55 ℃ warm water bubble species, stirring cooling, to 30 ℃ to continue the conventional soaking. Can be used to control seedling damping-off disease, blight, brown eggplant disease, melon anthracnose, tomato disease of early blight a variety of diseases; ② with 50% carbendazim 1000 times soaking seed solution for 1 hour, 10 times soaking with marin (formaldehyde) for 20 minutes can prevent and cure many fungal diseases such as cucumber wilt, anthracnose, tomato gray mold, early blight, melon downy mildew, etc .; ③ use 10% trisodium phosphate or 1% of potassium permanganate Soaking 20 to 30 minutes, can prevent the virus disease of vegetables; (4) 100 times soaking with copper sulfate for 5 minutes to prevent pepper