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我国黄海绿潮每年周期性暴发,不仅对江苏、山东沿岸海洋生态环境和生态服务功能造成严重破坏,同时也产生巨大经济损失。针对绿潮漂移至北黄海后迅速消亡的实际情况,采用卫星遥感监测、海上监测、室内实验等手段,对2014年青岛海区绿潮漂移过程、分布海域、覆盖面积动态变化、生长速率和藻体生理特征等方面进行了系统的研究,初步探究总结了黄海绿潮藻衰亡规律。结果显示:5月底绿潮开始影响青岛海区,6月至7月中上旬,绿潮影响规模不断扩大,达到峰值后,覆盖面积逐渐减小,直至8月中旬,青岛及周边海区的漂浮藻体逐渐消失;2014年7月青岛海区围隔实验显示,藻体生物量日生长率仅2%/d左右,偶尔出现负增长现象;海区漂浮藻体呈浅绿或黄绿色,部分发白,藻体多为囊状、管状和褶皱状,藻体细胞间隔增大,部分细胞出现颗粒化,并且少量藻体出现生殖细胞放散等现象,且藻体荧光活性均小于0.52,叶绿素含量普遍偏低,约0.3 mg/g左右,以上现象表明青岛海区漂浮藻体已处于退化衰亡状态。本研究为阐释黄海绿潮消亡机制提供理论依据,为今后绿潮灾害防控工作提供支撑。
The annual outbreak of the Yellow Sea Green Tide in our country not only causes serious damage to the marine ecological environment and ecological service functions in Jiangsu and Shandong coasts, but also causes huge economic losses. Aiming at the actual situation of the rapid disappearance of the green tide after it drifted to the North Yellow Sea, this paper analyzed the dynamic changes of the green tide drift, the distribution area, the coverage area, the growth rate and the algal biomass in Qingdao sea area in 2014 by means of satellite remote sensing monitoring, marine monitoring and laboratory experiments. Physiological characteristics and other aspects of a systematic study to initially explore the Yellow Sea green algae decline rules. The results showed that the green tide began to affect the Qingdao sea area at the end of May. From June to early July, the impact scale of green tide continued to expand. After reaching the peak, the coverage area decreased gradually. Until mid-August, the floating algae in Qingdao and surrounding sea areas Gradually disappeared. In July 2014, sea-island experiments in Qingdao sea area showed that the daily growth rate of biomass of algal biomass was only about 2% / d, with occasional negative growth phenomenon. The floating algal biomass in sea area was light green or yellow-green, Mostly cystic, tubular and folds, cell algae increased, part of the cells appear granulation, and a small amount of algae appeared germ cell discharge and other phenomena, and the algal fluorescence activities were less than 0.52, generally low chlorophyll content, about 0.3 mg / g or so, the above phenomenon indicates that the floating algae in Qingdao sea area is in a state of degradation and decline. This study provides a theoretical basis for explaining the mechanism of the Yellow Sea green tide extinction and provides support for future prevention and control of green tide disasters.