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[目的]明确不同栽培年限人参根区土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌浓度变化情况。[方法]以吉林省多个产地人参根区土壤作为研究对象,采用稀释平板法对真菌、细菌和放线菌进行分离和数量测定,真菌的分离用马丁培养基+孟加拉红+硫酸链霉素;细菌的分离用牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基;放线菌的分离用高氏1号培养基+重铬酸钾。真菌培养温度为25℃,培养时间为6～7 d;放线菌培养温度为28℃,培养时间为4～5 d;细菌培养温度为30℃,培养时间为2～4 d。根据不同培养基中生长出的菌落数统计真菌、细菌和放线菌数量,结合土壤样品的稀释倍数,按照公式:土壤微生物浓度(cfu/g)=(菌落平均数×稀释倍数)/每皿菌液加入量(ml),求得土壤中可培养真菌、细菌和放线菌浓度。[结果]不同地点采集的土壤样品的统计结果存在差异,但基本表现为随人参生长年限的增加,人参根区土壤中真菌浓度逐年升高,细菌和放线菌浓度逐年降低,且放线菌的变化不如细菌变化显著。[结论]土壤类型、种植模式及人参生长年限对农田土和林地土中3类微生物的浓度均有影响,但生长年限对人参根区土壤微生物的影响最显著。
[Objective] To clarify the changes of soil fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes concentration in ginseng root zone with different cultivation years. [Method] The ginseng root zone soil in a number of areas of Jilin Province was used as the research object. The fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes were isolated and quantified by the dilution plate method. The fungi were separated by using Martin medium + bengal red + streptomycin sulfate ; Isolation of bacteria with beef extract peptone medium; actinomycetes isolation with Gao 1 No. + potassium dichromate. Fungal culture temperature was 25 ℃, culture time was 6 ~ 7 d; actinomycetes culture temperature was 28 ℃, culture time was 4 ~ 5 d; bacterial culture temperature was 30 ℃, culture time was 2 ~ 4 d. The number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes was counted according to the number of colonies grown in different culture media, and according to the formula, the formula of soil microbial concentration (cfu / g) = (average number of colonies × dilution factor) per dish Bacterial liquid added amount (ml), obtained in the soil can cultivate fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes concentration. [Result] The results of soil samples collected from different locations showed statistical differences. However, with the increase of the growth years of ginseng, the concentration of fungi in ginseng root soil increased year by year, the concentrations of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased year by year, The change is not as pronounced as the bacteria. [Conclusion] The type of soil, planting mode and the growth period of ginseng had effects on the concentration of three kinds of microorganisms in farmland soil and forest soil, but the growth period had the most significant influence on the soil microorganism in ginseng root zone.